子女数量对劳动供给的影响——基于生育政策放松背景的实证研究

The Influence of the Number of Children on Labor Supply——An Empirical Study Based on the Background of Relaxation of Fertility Policy

本文利用2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据分别估计了子女数量对男性劳动力和女性劳动力劳动供给的影响,探究了子女数量与劳动供给之间的关系,并考察了子女数量对女性劳动力劳动供给的影响机制。实证结果表明:一方面,子女数量对男性劳动力的劳动供给并没有显著影响,子女数量的增加并不会改变男性劳动力的工作习惯;另一方面,子女数量显著减少了女性劳动力的劳动供给,干家务时长在子女数量对女性劳动力劳动供给的影响中起到了完全中介的作用,生育增加了女性照顾孩子和家庭所花费的时间和精力,从而导致了女性在家庭和工作上的冲突,进一步导致了工作时间的减少。本研究为我国老龄化和生育政策逐步放松背景下相关政策的制定提供了一定的经验参考。

We use the data of the 2018 Chinese Family Tracking Survey to estimate the impact of the number of children on the labor supply of male and female labors,using the econometric regression model to explore the relationship between the number of children and labor supply,and examining the mechanism of the impact of number of children on labor supply of women.The empirical results show that,on the one hand,the number of children has no significant impact on the labor supply of male labor,and the increase of the number of children will not change the working habits of male labor.On the other hand,the increasing of the number of children can significantly reduce the labor supply of female labor.The length of time doing housework plays a complete intermediary role in the impact of the number of children on the labor supply of female labor.The increase of Child’s number increases the time and energy that women spend in caring for children and the family,which leads to conflicts between women’s family and work,and further leads to the reduction of working hours.This research provides a certain empirical reference for the formulation of related policies in the context of aging and the relaxation of the fertility policy.