论刑事诉讼中程序公正与实体公正动态平衡的经济原理

On the Economic Principle of Dynamic Balance between Procedural Justice and Substantive Justice in Criminal Proceedings

在刑事诉讼中,是应当坚持程序公正优先,还是实体公正优先,抑或是两者并重,这一理论争鸣旷日持久,莫衷一是。2018年在北京召开的"动态平衡诉讼观:理论与实践"研讨会上,陈光中先生系统介绍了其"动态平衡"思想,提出"程序法与实体法相平衡"的观点。本文以陈先生的主张为基础,运用经济学的基本原理和古典分析方法,首先阐明了"程序公正与实体公正动态平衡"的经济运行原理,分析了"这两者为何需要平衡以及为何这种平衡是动态的"两个基本问题,而后进一步给出了"如何在两者之间进行动态平衡的一般化方法",指出动态平衡的要义在于以实事求是为原则,综合比较"实体公正"和"程序公正"两方的边际司法公正效用,选择能带来更大边际司法公正效用增量的对象,动态调整到最优的"实体公正"与"程序公正"组合,以获得最大化的司法公正效用。

In criminal proceedings,whether procedural justice should be given priority,or substantive justice should be given priority,or both should be paid the equal attention,which has been debated for a long time.In 2018,at the seminar on"Dynamic Balanced Litigation View:Theory and Practice"held in Beijing,Mr.Chen systematically introduced his thought of"dynamic balance"and put forward the viewpoint of"balancing the procedural law and the substantive law".On the basis of Mr.Chen’s opinion,this paper uses the basic principles of economics and classical analysis methods,clarifies the economic operation principle of"dynamic balance between procedural justice and substantive justice",analyzes two basic problems:"why the two need to be balanced and why this balance is dynamic",and then further gives a generalized method of"how to dynamically balance",pointing out that the essence of dynamic balance lies in the principle of seeking truth from facts.Comparing the marginal judicial justice utilities of"substantive justice"and"procedural justice"comprehensively,choosing the object that can bring greater marginal judicial justice utilities increment,and dynamically adjusting to the optimal combination of"substantive justice"and"procedural justice",so as to obtain the maximum judicial justice utilities.