市场分割还是户籍歧视——农民工与城镇工过度劳动差异成因分析

Market Segmentation or Household Registration Discrimination——Analysis on the Causes of the Differences between Migrant Workers and Urban Workers

基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,本文分析了农民工和城镇工之间工作时间和过度劳动差异的成因。研究结果表明,相同特征的农民工与城镇工相比,工作时间明显较短,过度劳动比例明显较高。基于企业所有制类型的市场分割使得男性和女性农民工过度劳动较城镇工更加严重,但这一影响较小;在非国有部门中,户籍歧视是导致男性和女性农民工过度劳动较城镇工更加严重的主要原因;在国有部门中,户籍歧视导致男性农民工较城镇工过度劳动更加严重,但对女性农民工不存在显著影响。因此,政府部门应该加强对企业的监督,促进企业实现农民工和城镇工的同工同酬同时,减少企业通过增加农民工的工作时间而实施的歧视行为。农民工与城镇工享有相同的加班工资和加班时间待遇,将有助于农民工群体过度劳动的缓解。

Based on the 2017 Dynamic Monitoring Survey Data of National Migrant Population,this paper analyzed the effects of market segmentation and household registration discrimination on the differences in working hours and overwork between rural migrant workers and urban workers.The results show that there is a serious problem of overwork among rural migrant workers,and there are obvious differences in working hours and overwork between rural migrant workers and urban workers.The market segmentation based on the type of enterprise ownership makes the overwork of male and female rural migrant workers more serious than that of urban workers,but this effect is less;In the non-state sector,the discrimination of household registration is the main reason that causes the overwork of male and female rural migrant workers to be more serious than that of urban workers.In the state sector,the discrimination of household registration causes male migrant workers to overwork more seriously than urban workers,but the impact on female rural migrant workers’overwork is not significant.Therefore,the government should strengthen the supervision of enterprises,promote enterprises to realize equal pay for equal work and equal working hours between rural migrant workers and urban workers,and reduce the discrimination from enterprises that implemented through increasing the working hours of rural migrant workers.Rural migrant workers and urban workers enjoy the same overtime pay and overtime time treatment,will help to alleviate the overwork of migrant workers.