农地经营权流转中三维主体利益分配的机制设计与实践模式——基于效率与公平的视角

The Mechanism Design and Practical Case of Three-Dimensional Subjects’ Income Distribution in the Process of Farmland Management Right Transfer——Based on Efficiency and Equality

对农地经营权流转过程中三维主体的利益进行合理分配并保障农户等弱势群体的权益,是当前农地流转中的焦点问题。本文从非合作博弈到合作博弈跃迁的视角,梳理了三维主体的利益诉求及关系;分析化解利益冲突的可能性,进而构建合作联盟;最终兼顾效率与公平等目标,在实现流转农地价值增值的基础上,动态设计利益分配机制;并结合实践案例探讨我国"三权分置"政策实施过程中,三维主体的利益分配机制的典型实践模式。主要研究结论如下:(1)从非合作博弈走向合作博弈可以使得农地流转的价值得到增值;(2)参与主体的合作联盟难以自发形成,需要外部制度供给;(3)农地流转的不同发展阶段需要采用不同的利益分配方案,以适应三维主体对效率和公平的差异化诉求;(4)农户等弱势群体在其自发形成的分配方案中处于不利地位,合作博弈可以使得农民权益得到保护。本文对指导三权分置下的我国农地流转具有较强的现实意义与参考价值。

It is the focus problem in the current rural land transfer that researching on the income distribution of three-dimensional subjects and protecting the interests of the disadvantaged groups such as farmers.This paper is based on the transition from non-cooperative game to cooperative game.Firstly,we sort out the interest demands and relationships of the three-dimensional subjects,and break the possibility of interest conflict to build cooperation coalition.Then,considering the goals of efficiency and equality,we redesign the income distribution plan on the basis of realizing the increment of land value.Finally,we discuss the interest changes of related subjects and improve the mechanism design of right protection with the cases.We found that:(1)from non-cooperative game to cooperative game,the value of rural land transfer can be increased;(2)the cooperative coalition of participants is difficult to form spontaneously and require external system supply;(3)different income distribution plans need to be adopted in different stages of rural land transfer to meet the different requirements of the three-dimensional subjects for efficiency and equality;(4)the distribution plan under the cooperative game can protect the interests of vulnerable groups such as farmers,which are relatively disadvantageous in the spontaneous distribution plan.This paper has a general practical significance and reference value for guiding the process of the rural land transfer under the division of three rights.