玉米螟为害损失和防治指标概述

Overview of the damage loss and control index of Corn borer

本文总结了我国1960年以来,关于玉米螟为害损失和防治指标的应用研究。不同历史时期,玉米产量损失允许水平不同,且由于研究地区、玉米品种和生育期以及玉米螟发生世代各异,防治指标也不尽相同,建议进行防治的产量损失阈值介于1%~7%。鉴于当前农业绿色发展和农药减施的要求,以对应产量损失率为3%、3.75%为阈值,提出了春玉米种植区(1—2代区)和夏玉米区种植区(2—3代区)的化学防治指标为虫口密度200头/百株、250头/百株;建议虫口密度分别低于200头/百株、250头/百株的田块,尽量不用药剂防治。如果采用白僵菌、玉米螟卵赤眼蜂等生物防治技术手段,防治成本则会较大幅度地增加,且防治效果较化学药剂防治效果会有所降低,防治指标应分别提高到300头/百株或400头/百株较为适宜。

This article summarized the research on the damage loss and control index of corn borer,Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée(Lepidoptera,Pyralidae),since the 1960 s in China.As the threshold of corn yield loss was different in different periods,and the control index of corn borer was varied with the region,cultivar,maize growth period,and corn borer generation.Taking all the above factors into account,we suggested a yield loss threshold of 1%~7%.According to the current agricultural green development and pesticide reduction requirements,it is suggested that the chemical control should be applied if the population density of corn borer reached 200 heads per 100 plants in spring maize areas and 250 heads per100 plants in summer maize areas.If the natural enemies,such as Beauveria bassiana and Trichogramma ostriniae,were applied,the control cost would be greatly increased in the case of lower control efficiency than chemical control,so that the proper control index should be 300 and 400 heads per 100 plants,respectively.