论突发事件应对中公民权利限制的法律边界控制

Legal Boundary Control of Civil Rights Restriction in Response to Emergencies

在突发公共卫生事件防控体系中,各种应急权力可能逾越法治界限,不当限制公民权利,应该受到法律的控制。法律原则可以合理平衡维护公共安全和保障公民权利之间的关系,宜作为应急权力运行与公民权利限制的基本准则,具体应该遵循法律保留、平等保护与比例等原则。为了推动应急权力法治化运行,需要在类型思维指导下明确突发事件应对中人权限制的范围和边界,确立公民权利限制的负面清单与正面清单,前者包括生命权、生存权、人格权和知情权等,后者包括人身自由权、财产权、劳动权、受教育权等。

In the prevention and control system of public health emergencies,various emergency powers may overstep the boundaries of the rule of law and unduly restrict the rights of citizens,which should be controlled by law.Legal principles can reasonably balance the relationship between safeguarding public safety and safeguarding civil rights,which should be used as the basic guidelines for the operation of emergency power and the restriction of civil rights.In particular,the principles of legal reservation,equal protection and proportionality should be followed.In order to promote the legal operation of emergency power,it is necessary to clarify the scope and boundary of human rights restrictions in response to emergencies under the guidance of typological thinking,and establish a negative list and a positive list of civil rights restrictions,the former including the right to life,the right to survival,the right to personality and the right to know,while the latter including the right to personal freedom,the right to property,the right to work and the right to education.