国外智能应急管理市场化经验及其对我国的启示:公共物品分析的视角

Foreign Experience of Marketization of Intelligent Emergency Management and Its Enlightenment to China:From the Perspective of Public Goods Analysis

应急管理的非竞争性和非排他性使其可以被看作一种公共物品,政府是公共物品最重要的供给者,而市场是政府供给公共物品的重要补充之一。本文首先从公共物品的角度分析了智能应急管理市场化供给作为对政府供给补充的必要性,接着对具有代表性国家的智能应急管理市场发展现状及趋势进行整理和分析,总结国外智能应急市场化的发展经验。研究的主要发现是:(1)各国应急管理的发展都展现出明显的事件驱动模式;(2)各国智能应急管理市场化的发展充分结合了自身在应急管理体制机制和突发事件类型上的特点;(3)政府和企业协同合作,共同推进智能应急管理市场的发展。之后,针对中国智能应急市场化发展,提出了四条具体政策建议:(1)新冠肺炎疫情既是危机也是机遇,应抓住这一窗口期推动我国智能应急管理市场的发展;(2)积极推进政府、企业、社区等多元主体在智能应急市场化发展中的协同配合;(3)通过完善财政补贴、绩效评估、行业监督等措施加强政策引导,促进智能应急管理市场良性发展;(4)应立足我国自身特点,推进智能应急管理市场化。

The non-rivalry and non-exclusiveness of emergency management make it be regarded as a kind of public goods.The government is the most important supplier of public goods,but the market is also one of the important supplements of the government to supply public goods.This paper first analyzes the necessity of intelligent emergency management marketization supply as a supplement to government supply from the perspective of public goods,then sorts out and analyzes the current situation and trend of intelligent emergency management market in representative countries,and summarizes the development experience of intelligent emergency management marketization abroad.The main findings of the study are as follows:(1)the development of emergency management in all countries shows an obvious event driven mode;(2)The development of marketization of intelligent emergency management in various countries has fully combined their own characteristics in emergency management systems and mechanisms and types of emergencies;(3)The government and enterprises should work together to promote the development of the intelligent emergency management market.After that,four specific policy suggestions are put forward for the marketization development of China’s intelligent emergency management:(1)COVID-19 is both a crisis and an opportunity,and we should seize this window period to promote the development of China’s intelligent emergency management market;(2)Actively promote the coordination and cooperation of the government,enterprises,communities and other multiple entities in the development of intelligent emergency marketization;(3)Strengthen policy guidance by improving financial subsidies,performance evaluation,industry supervision and other measures to promote the benign development of the intelligent emergency management market;(4)Based on our own characteristics,we should promote the marketization of intelligent emergency management.