我国基层应急管理的现状、问题与对策

Grass-roots Emergency Management in China:Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures

我国是世界上自然灾害最为严重的国家之一,灾害种类多、分布地域广、发生频率高、造成损失重,加上当前正处于经济社会发展的转型期,我国专门的应急管理部门组建时间还较短,基层应急管理还存在一些薄弱环节亟须改进和完善,特别是动员社会力量参与的广度深度不够,现有的社会救援力量专业化水平偏低,广大民众逃生避险、自救互救的意识和能力较弱等,为此笔者从党委、政府、救援队伍、社区和民众五个方面提出自己的对策建议。

China is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world,with many types of disasters,geographically wide distribution,high frequency of occurrence,and massive losses.Moreover,with the country undergoing the transition period of economic and social development,the specific emergency management function has been established for a still relatively short time,and there are some weaknesses in the grass-roots emergency management to be strengthened and improved,in particular,such as insufficient evolvement both in terms of scope and degree of mobilizing the civil societies,low level of specialization of the existing social rescue forces,weak mass awareness and ability of escape from danger,self and mutual rescue,etc..Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from five different aspects,including the party committee,the government,the rescue teams,the community and the public.