中国18~59岁居民膳食脂肪酸的摄入状况及食物来源分析

DIETARY INTAKES AND FOOD SOURCES OF FATTY ACIDS IN CHINESE RESIDENTS AGED 18 to 59

目的分析我国18~59岁居民膳食脂肪酸的摄入状况及食物来源。方法利用中国成人慢性病与营养监测(2015)中3d 24h膳食调查数据,对36118名年龄在18~59岁人群的膳食脂肪酸摄入状况及食物来源进行分析。结果我国18~59岁居民膳食总脂肪(TFA)、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)及多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)摄入量的中位数分别为62.8、15.9、27.4、16.2g/d。农村TFA和MUFA的摄入量高于城市、而SFA和PUFA的摄入量低于城市(P<0.001)。城乡居民的SFA、MUFA、PUFA之比均为1:1.5:1.1。城市和农村n-6/n-3PUFA比例分别为8.6和7.9,城市高于农村(P<0.001)。膳食SFA、MUFA和PUFA的供能百分比分别为7.8%、13.5%和8.0%。城市SFA和PUFA的供能比高于农村(P<0.001),MUFA供能比在城乡间无差异(P=0.051)。植物油和动物性食物分别提供了膳食中49.4%和30.9%的TFA、29.1%和44.6%的SFA、49.7%和33.3%的MUFA、64.6%和14.9%的PUFA。农村居民膳食中n3-PUFA来源于植物油的比例高于城市居民(54.5%vs46.5%)。植物油提供城乡居民膳食中n6-PUFA的比例均超过60%。结论我国18~59岁人群SFA、MUFA、PUFA的摄入比例合理,膳食脂肪酸的构成和食物来源有所改善;n-6/n-3PUFA比例偏高,应鼓励选择富含n-3PUFA的植物油和坚果。

Objective To analyze the current dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids in Chinese residents aged 18 to 59.Methods By using 3-day 24-h dietary data from China National Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Survey(2015),the dietary intakes and food sources of fatty acids were analyzed for a total of 36118 Chinese residents aged 18 to 59.Results The median of TFA,SFA,MUFA and PUFA intakes was 62.8 g/d,15.9g/d,27.4g/d and 16.2g/d,respectively.The dietary intakes of TFA and MUFA among rural residents were higher than among urban ones,but the intakes of SFA and PUFA were lower(P<0.001).The ratio of SFA,MUFA and PUFA was 1:1.5:1.1 in urban and rural residents with 8.9:7.9 for n-6/n-3.The average percentage of energy provided by SFA,MUFA and PUFA was 7.8%,13.5%and 8.0%,respectively.The proportion of energy provided by SFA and PUFA in urban residents was higher than in rural residents(P<0.001),but there was no difference in the energy provided by MUFA between urban and rural residents(P=0.051).Vegetable oils and animal foods provided 49.4%and 30.9%of TFA,29.1%and 44.6%of SFA,49.7%and 33.3%of MUFA,and 64.6%and 14.9%of PUFA,respectively.The proportion of n-3 PUFA from vegetable oils in the diet of rural residents was higher than that of urban ones(54.5%vs 46.5%).Vegetable oils provided more than 60%of n-6 PUFA in the diet of both urban and rural residents.Conclusion The dietary SFA,MUFA,PUFA ratio is appropriate for Chinese residents aged 18 to 59.The composition and food sources of dietary fatty acids have been improved.The ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA is higher,and the consumption of vegetable oils and nuts rich in n-3 PUFA should be encouraged.