佳木斯市郊区中小学生近视现况及影响因素分析

Investigation and analysis on influence factors of myopia among students in suburb of Jiamusi city

目的了解佳木斯市郊区中小学生近视现状和学生用眼情况,分析近视的影响因素,为学生近视防控提供依据。方法2019年对佳木斯市郊区7498名中小学生的近视情况进行调查,并分析近视的影响因素。结果调查7498名佳木斯市郊区学生中,共有2262名学生近视,近视率为30.17%。女生近视率高于男生(χ^(2)=26.643,P<0.001)。读书连续用眼时间>60min(OR=1.852,P<0.001)、每天看书或完成家庭作业时间>2h(OR=1.330,P<0.001)、每周参加课外补习科目数量≥三门(OR=1.273,P<0.001)、每天看电子产品累计时间>2h(OR=1.655,P<0.001)是发生近视的危险因素。不存在不良读写习惯(OR=0.723,P<0.001)、阅读时眼书间距离>30cm(OR=0.676,P<0.001)、每天户外活动时间>2h(OR=0.684,P<0.001)、看电视距离>3m(OR=0.777,P=0.004)、每天睡眠时间>8h(OR=0.655,P<0.001)是发生近视的保护因素。结论佳木斯市郊区中小学生近视率较低,低于全国平均水平。读书连续用眼时间、每天看书或完成家庭作业时间、每周参加课外补习科目数量、每天看电子产品累计时间、是否存在不良读写习惯、阅读时眼书间距离、每天户外活动时间、看电视距离、每天睡眠时间是学生近视情况的影响因素。

Objective To understand the current situation of myopia among primary and secondary school students and students'eye use in the suburbs of Jiamusi city,to analyze the influencing factors of myopia,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of myopia among students.Methods To investigate the myopia of 7498primary and secondary school students in the suburbs of Jiamusi city in 2019and to analyze the influencing factors of myopia.Results Among 7498students in the suburbs of Jiamusi city,there were 2262students with myopia,the myopia rate was 30.17%.The myopia rate of female students was higher than that of male students(χ^(2)=26.643,P<0.001).The risk factors of myopia of primary and secondary school students in the suburbs of Jiamusi city were reading continuous eye time>60 min(OR=1.852,P<0.001),reading or finishing homework time every day>2h(OR=1.330,P<0.001),weekly number of extracurricular courses≥3courses(OR=1.273,P<0.001),cumulative time watching electronic products every day>2h(OR=1.655,P<0.001).The protective factors were the absence of bad reading and writing habits,distance between the eyes when reading>30cm(OR=0.676,P<0.001),outdoor activities every day>2h(OR=0.684,P<0.001),distance watching TV>3m(OR=0.777,P=0.004),sleep time every day>8h(OR=0.655,P<0.001).Conclusion The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in the suburbs of Jiamusi city is lower than the national average.The influencing factors of students'myopia include continuous eye time,daily reading time or homework time,weekly number of extracurricular courses,cumulative time watching electronic products every day,whether there are bad reading and writing habits,distance between eyes when reading,outdoor activities every day,distance watching TV,and sleep time every day.