土壤重金属铅、镉、铬检测方法的比较与选择

Comparison and selection of detection methods for heavy metals such as lead( Pb),cadmium( Cd) and chromium( Cr) in soil

目的为农村土壤重金属检测工作选择合适的方法。方法分别运用微波消解法、湿法消解法、固体直接进样法3种不同的土壤重金属前处理检测方法,测定国家有证标准物质GBW 07405(GSS-5)、GBW 07409中的铅、镉、铬,对比其准确度、精密度数据,以及操作便利程度。结果3种方法中湿法消解法的精密度最高,其次是微波消解。测定土壤铅的准确度:微波消解>湿法消解>固体直接进样;测定土壤镉的准确度3种方法差异不大;测定土壤铬的准确度:微波消解略高于湿法消解。结论湿法消解法优于其它两种前处理检测方法,可选择该方法来进行日常土壤重金属检测工作。

Objective To select the suitable method for heavy metal detection in rural soils.Methods Three different soil heavy metal pretreatment detection methods were used to determine the lead,cadmium and chromium in the national certified reference materials GBW 07405(GSS-5)and GBW 07409 by Microwave Digestion Method,Wet Digestion Method and Solid Direct Injection Method,respectively.The accuracy,precision data and operation convenience were compared.Results Among the three methods,the Wet Digestion Method has the highest precision,followed by Microwave Digestion Method.Determination of soil lead accuracy:Microwave Digestion Method>Wet Digestion Method>Solid Direct Injection Method.There was little difference in the accuracy of soil cadmium determination among the three methods;determination accuracy of soil chromium in Microwave Digestion Method is slightly higher than that in Wet Digestion Method.Conclusion The Wet Digestion Method is superior to the other two pretreatment detection methods,and the method can be selected for the daily soil heavy metal detection work.