科尔沁沙地7种蒙中药生物学特征调查与种植建议

Investigation on Biological Characteristics and Planting Suggestions of Seven Chinese Medicinal Herbs in Horqin Sandy Land

目的:蒙中药是我国独特的医药资源,在科尔沁沙地发展蒙中药规范化种植,不仅有助于保护沙地濒危中草药资源,而且可促进沙化土地的恢复。通过制定相应的中草药种植规程并提出相关种植建议,以提高药材产量,保障质量稳定。方法:田间种植防风、黄芩、苦参、远志、板蓝根、黄芪和甘草,并测定这7种药材的根长、鲜根直径、根干重、茎叶干重等生物学特征。结果:7种药材种植当年根长均在20cm以上,表明在科尔沁沙地种植药材有较大的发展潜力。其中板蓝根在种植当年根生物量、直径、根冠比明显高于其他药材品种;防风、甘草、苦参、黄芩和黄芪5种药材当年根系长度长,但是直径细;远志生长较慢。结论:7种药材在科尔沁沙地有较大的发展潜力,种植过程中应根据药材本身的生物学特点确定其种植年限,如板蓝根适合当年采收,防风、甘草、苦参、黄芩和黄芪5种药材应延长种植年限或移栽,远志适合密植并延长种植年限。建议种植户选择和配置不同的药材种类,兼顾短期效益和长期效益,以尽量降低单种药材价格大幅波动的风险。

Objective:In order to improve the yield of Chinese herbal medicine and ensure the stability of quality,the corresponding planting rules of Chinese herbal medicine were formulated and relevant planting suggestions were put forward.Methods:The biological characteristics of root length,fresh root diameter,root dry weight,stem and leaf dry weight of seven medicinal materials were determined by planting Saposhnikovia divaricata,Scutellaria baicalensis,Radix sophorae,Polygala tenuifolia,Baphicacanthus cusia,Astragalus propinquus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis.Results:Root length was all more than 20 cm,so there was a great potential for planting in Horqin sandy land.The root biomass,diameter and root shoot ratio of Baphicacanthuscusiain the planting year were significantly higher than that of other medicinal materials,The root length of the other five kinds of herbs was long,but the diameter was fine,and the growth of Radix sophorae is slow.Conclusion:Seven kinds of medicinal materials have great development potential in Horqin sandy land,Baphicacanthus cusia was suitable for harvesting in the same year and had greater short-term economic benefits,other five medicinal materials should be planted properly and the planting periods should be increased appropriately,Polygala tenuifolia was suitable for close planting and extension of planting years.At the same time,the short-term benefit and long-term benefit of farmers can be taken into account through the selection and configuration of different herbs.