资本聚集、分工深化与发展不平衡

Capital Agglomeration, Deepening of Labor Division and Unbalanced Development

发展不平衡是中国当前的主要矛盾之一,中国发展不平衡表现为多维度的不平衡,除原有的城乡差距之外,沿海与内地、东中西部,甚至同一地区内部,都存在明显的差距。发展不平衡现象在理论上可以被归结为二元经济,通过对二元经济结构的形成机理进行分析,发现资本向某些地区聚集,导致地区间分工深化水平出现差距,是二元经济结构形成和区域发展不平衡的原因。计划体制下城乡间资本分布的不均衡,在市场化改革中并没有收敛,反而由于禀赋差异导致的资本回报率差异,使资本向部分地区聚集,导致新的地区资本分布和分工深化的差异,造成新的发展不平衡现象。使用1995—2015年间省际面板数据验证了相关的理论命题。

Unbalanced development is one of the main contradictions in China,and it can be found in multi-dimensions.Apart from the original urban-rural gap,obvious gaps appeared between coastal and inland areas,the eastern,central and western regions,and even within the same region.Unbalanced development can be considered as dual economy in theory.By analyzing the formation mechanism of dual economic structure,the paper finds out that capital tends to agglomerate in certain regions,which leads to the gap in the development of labor division among different regions.It becomes the reason for the formation of the dual economic structure and the unbalanced regional development.The unequal distribution of capital between urban and rural areas under the planning-economy hasn’t changed a lot in the marketization reform.Instead,the difference of capital return rate due to endowment difference leads to the capital agglomeration in certain regions,which further leads to the differences between capital distribution and the deepening of labor division in new areas.Thus,new unbalanced development is formed.Relative theoretical propositions are verified by using the provincial panel data of China between 1999 and 2015.