凝视中的自习:学习直播间的学习文化实践

Self-study in Gaze:Learning Culture Practice in the Learning Live Broadcast Room

本研究以网络民族志为研究方法,以参与式观察与深度访谈为具体操作方法,以具有哔哩哔哩视频网站直播学习经历的主播和具有观看经历的观众为研究对象,基于对学习直播间中主播主动“被凝视”和观众“凝视”他人并集体参与学习的行为的考察,探究学习直播间的学习文化实践。研究发现,学习直播是媒介化时代青年个体自主学习的重要方式,主播通过“想象的凝视”“权力的凝视”“情感连带与允诺”“自我复盘与书写”完成日常学习实践。而直播间构建的凝视景观背后,是主播个体在“他律”秩序中主动寻求“自律”从而进行自我管理与自我实现的价值取向,但其中出现的异化现象需要进一步审视与探讨。“学习直播”的产生与发展不仅意味着青年学习方式的转变,也意味着青年生活方式的转变,隐喻着媒介化社会中个体成长方式的转变。

This study adopts online ethnography as the research method,participatory observation and in-depth interview as the specific operation method,and the anchor with live learning experience on the Bilibili and the audience with viewing experience as the research object,based on the behavioral investigation of the anchor actively“being gazed”in the learning live broadcast room and the audience“gaze”at others and collectively participate in the learning,and explores the learning culture practice in the learning live broadcast room.It is found that learning live broadcast is an important way for young people to learn independently in the mediated era,and anchors complete daily learning practices through“imaginary gaze”“power gaze”“emotional connection and promise”and“self-review and writing”.Behind the gaze landscape constructed throughout the live broadcast room,the individual anchor actively seeks the value orientation of“self-discipline”in the“heteronomy”order to carry out self-management and self-realization,but the phenomenon of alienation in it needs to be further examined and explored.This shows that the emergence and development of learning live broadcast not only means the change of young people’s learning styles,but also the transformation of young people’s lifestyles,which is a metaphor for the transformation of individual growth patterns in mediatization of society.