食药用真菌寡糖研究进展及展望

Research Progress and Prospects of the Oligosaccharides from Edible and Medicinal Fungi

食药用真菌中多糖和寡糖独特的生物学活性引起了广泛的关注。寡糖一般通过多糖降解获得,与多糖相比,寡糖分子量低、结构相对简单、易于吸收。挖掘高活性寡糖链,阐明寡糖结构和活性的构效关系,有助于突破解析多糖复杂结构的技术瓶颈,揭示食药用真菌药理活性的作用机制。目前,人(乳)、动物和微生物(细菌)源的寡糖开发利用已有大量研究报道,而食药用真菌寡糖的研究还相对较少。文中系统总结了国内外食药用真菌寡糖的最新研究进展,详细评述了寡糖活性评价与结构鉴定的相关研究手段及成果。我国食药用真菌资源丰富,构建食药用真菌寡糖库,高通量筛选活性寡糖,阐明寡糖活性的作用机制对食药用真菌的产品开发,研发及临床应用食药用真菌相关保健品、药品,具有重要意义。

The unique biological activities of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides produced by edible and medicinal fungi have been paid extensive attention on.Oligosaccharides are usually generated by degrading polysaccharides.It accommodates the advantages of low molecular weight,relatively simple structure,and easier to be absorbed,compared with polysaccharides.Exploiting saccharide chain with high bioactivities,and a clear clarification of the relationship between biological activities and saccharide chain structures will avoid technical difficulties of elucidating complexed structures of polysaccharides,and thus facilitate the studies of pharmacological activities of edible and medicinal mushrooms.Numerous researchers have been carried out the utilization of oligosaccharides in human(milk),animals,and microorganisms(bacteria).While very limited understanding of oligosaccharides has gained for edible and medical fungi.In the present study,the latest research progress of oligosaccharides in edible and medicinal fungi was summarized,research strategies and achievements on activity evaluation and structural elucidation were systematically reviewed.There are abundant edible and medicinal fungal resources in China,constructing oligosaccharide compound libraries for different species,the high throughput screening of bioactive oligosaccharides,and the revealing mechanisms of those pharmacologically actively compounds would provide valuable information for the developing edible and medicinal mushroom products,and also would facilitate the development and clinical application of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs using this kind of natural resources.