否定副词“非”“不”“未”与否定判断句的发展

On the Negative Adverbs Fei(非),Bu(不),Wei(未)and the Development of Sentences Expressing Negative Judgment

文章指出,在汉语SVO格式的推动下,系词“是”进入否定判断句,产生了“×非是×”“×不是×”“×未是×”等否定判断格式。由于“不”在一般否定领域占据绝对统治地位,使“不是”最终淘汰“非是”“未是”成为系词“是”唯一的否定形式。汉语SVO格式的推动以及汉语词汇双音化的趋势使“×不是×”最终淘汰“×非×”成为现代汉语中唯一的否定判断格式。

Due to the structural properties of the Chinese SVO template,the copular shi(是)enters into sentences expressing negative judgement,producing constructions such as×feishi(非是)×,×bushi(不是)×,and×weishi(未是)×.Due to the absolute dominance of bu(不)in expressing general negation,bushi(不是)gradually replaced feishi(非是)weishi(未是)and becames the only negative form containing the copular shi(是).Influenced by the SVO order and the trend of disyllabification of Chinese vocabulary,×bushi(不是)×eventually replaced×fei(非)×,and became the only form of negative judgment in modern Chinese.