摘要
与河西石窟阙形龛相仿,云冈龙门石窟屋形龛是内地工匠利用传统建筑殿堂对佛教艺术进行的另外一次改造。屋形龛可能是以汉代画像石中"西王母+殿堂"的构图模式为蓝本发展而来的。"西王母+殿堂"模式集中出现在鲁南、苏北和陕北的汉代画像石中。佛教传播初期,依附于黄老道术,内地社会并没有真正认识佛教,其结果就是当人们创作佛像的时候,可能把先前对待神仙的"礼遇"转移到佛像身上。随着北魏统一过程中对人口的掳掠",西王母+殿堂"模式被带到平城,并直接催生了"佛/菩萨+屋形龛"模式。
Similar to the those in Hexi Grottoes,the house-shaped niches in Yungang and Longmen Grottoes were another renovation of Buddhist art based on traditional architectural halls,which probably developed from the composition mode of"Queen Mother of the West+Palace"in the stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty.The mode of"Queen Mother of the West+Palace"mainly occurred in southern Shandong,northern Jiangsu and northern Shaanxi.In the early days of Buddhist dissemination,it was attached to Huang-Lao Taoism,and the inland society did not really know Buddhism,resulting that when people built Buddhist statues,they might transfer their previous courtesy to gods to them.With the unification in the Northern Wei Dynasty,the mode was brought to Pingcheng,and the"Buddha/Bodhisattva+housing niche"mode was thus directly generated.
作者
张善庆
ZHANG Shan-qing(Institute of Dunhuang Studies,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu,730020)
出处
《云冈研究》
2021年第2期15-23,共9页
Yungang Research
基金
2020年国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目“丝绸之路美术史”(202014)
关键词
云冈石窟
龙门石窟
屋形龛
画像石
西王母
殿堂
Yungang Grottoes
Longmen Grottoes
the house-shaped niches
stone reliefs
Queen Mother of the West
palace
