深圳市重点行业人群工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患与因病缺勤情况分析

Analysis on work-related musculoskeletal disorders and sickness absence among key industry workers in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市重点行业人群工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的患病及因病缺勤情况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,选择深圳市部分重点行业中14949名接触粉尘、噪声、化学因素及放射线等传统职业病危害的职业人群(以下简称“传统职业人群”),以及公交司机、教师、医护人员、警察、快递员、环卫工人和视屏作业人员作为研究对象。采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》调查其过去1年内的WMSDs患病情况及因WMSDs缺勤情况。结果研究对象的WMSDs总患病率为56.3%(8423/14949);不同部位WMSDs患病率由高到低依次为颈部、腰部、肩部、背部、膝部、腕部、踝足、髋部和肘部,分别为37.6%、35.7%、31.7%、25.2%、18.3%、15.4%、14.9%、12.4%和11.6%(P<0.01)。不同职业人群WMSDs总患病率由高到低依次为教师、视屏作业人员、公交司机、快递员、医护人员、警察、传统职业人群和环卫工人,分别为82.2%、75.7%、74.9%、73.9%、67.9%、64.3%、43.3%和31.9%(P<0.01)。因WMSDs的总缺勤率为18.3%(2736/14949);不同职业人群的总缺勤率由高到低依次为公交司机、快递员、教师、传统职业人群、警察、视屏作业人员、医护人员和环卫工人,分别为31.6%、24.5%、20.9%、20.2%、15.2%、12.4%、9.3%和6.7%(P<0.01)。不同部位的WMSDs中,颈部与肩部的关联度最高[相关系数(r)为0.648,P<0.01],颈部与踝足的关联度最低(r=0.303,P<0.01)。结论深圳市重点行业人群WMSDs患病率和因病缺勤率较高;应根据职业人群特征采取综合性防治措施,减轻WMSDs对职业人群健康的影响。

Objective To understand the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)and sickness absence due to WMSDs among key industry workers in Shenzhen City.Methods A total of 14949 workers exposed to dust,noise,chemical and radiation(hereinafter referred to as"traditional occupational groups")in some key industries in Shenzhen City,as well as bus drivers,teachers,medical staff,policemen,courier,sanitation workers and video operators were selected as the research subjects using stratified cluster sampling.The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and sickness absence due to WMSDs in the past year.Results The overall prevalence of WMSDs among the study subjects was 56.3%(8423/14949).The prevalence of WMSDs in different body parts from high to low was neck,waist,shoulder,back,knee,wrist,ankle,hip,and elbow,which was 37.6%,35.7%,31.7%,25.2%,18.3%,15.4%,14.9%,12.4%,and 11.6%,respectively(P<0.01).The overall prevalence of WMSDs among different occupational groups from high to low was teachers,video operators,bus drivers,couriers,medical staff,policemen,traditional occupational groups,and sanitation workers,which was 82.2%,75.7%,74.9%,73.9%,67.9%,64.3%,43.3%,and 31.9%,respectively(P<0.01).The overall rate of sickness absence due to WMSDs was 18.3%(2736/14949).The overall rate of sickness absence among different occupational groups from high to low was bus drivers,couriers,teachers,traditional occupational groups,policemen,video operators,medical staff,and sanitation workers,which was 31.6%,24.5%,20.9%,20.2%,15.2%,12.4%,9.3%,and 6.7%,respectively(P<0.01).Among different parts of the body,the highest correlation coefficient of WMSDs was found between neck and shoulder[correlatioon cofficient(r)=0.648,P<0.01],while the lowest was between neck and ankle(r=0.303,P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs and sickness absence due to WMSDs among key industry workers in Shenzhen City is relatively high.Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken according to the characteristics of occupational population to reduce the impact of WMSDs on the health of occupational population.