基于安德森模型的大学生电子健康素养影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of e-health literacy of college students based on the Anderson model

目的基于安德森模型,分析大学生电子健康素养(e-HL)现状及其影响因素。方法以安德森模型为理论框架,采用便利抽样方法,抽取广东省、河北省、江苏省等地7230名在校大学生为研究对象,采用《电子健康素养量表》《7项广泛性焦虑量表》《患者健康问卷抑郁症状量表》调查其e-HL水平、焦虑症状和抑郁症状情况。结果研究对象e-HL得分为(29.2±6.7)分,合格率为42.8%。多重线性回归分析显示,成绩班级排名越低、家庭人均月收入越高、网络健康信息判断能力越好、抑郁症状程度越低的大学生,其e-HL水平越高(P值均<0.01);家庭居住地为城镇的大学生e-HL水平高于农村者(P<0.01);坚持体育锻炼的大学生e-HL水平高于无坚持体育锻炼者(P<0.01);轻度焦虑症状的大学生e-HL水平低于无焦虑者(P<0.01)。结论大学生e-HL水平仍有待提升。安德森模型视角下,倾向特征(成绩班级排名)、使能资源(家庭居住地、网络健康信息判断能力、坚持体育锻炼)、需求因素(焦虑症状、抑郁症状)均可影响大学生的e-HL水平。

Objective To analyze the current status of e-health literacy(e-HL)among college students and its influencing factors based on the Anderson model.Methods A total of 7230 college students from Guangdong Province,Hebei Province,Jiangsu Province and other places were selected as the study subjects using the convenient sampling method based on the theoretical framework of the Anderson model.The e-HL level,anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms were investigated using the e-Health Literacy Scale,the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items.Results The score of e-HL was(29.2±6.7),with the pass rate of 42.8%.The result of multiple linear regression analysis showed that college students with lower class rank,higher average monthly family income,better online health information judgment ability,and lower degree of depression symptoms had higher e-HL level(all P<0.01).College students living in urban areas had higher e-HL levels than those living in rural areas(P<0.01).College students who engaged in regular physical exercise had higher e-HL levels than those who did not(P<0.01).College students with mild anxiety symptoms had lower e-HL levels than those without anxiety symptoms(P<0.01).Conclusion The e-HL level of college students needs to be improved.From the perspective of the Anderson model,predisposing characteristics(class grade ranking),resources(place of residence,online health information judgment ability,regular physical exercise),demand factors(anxiety symptoms,depression symptoms)affect the level of e-HL of college students.