身体、基础设施与城市:广州AED普及中的行动者媒介实践

Bodies,Infrastructures and the City:Media Practice of Non-human and Human Actors in the Promotion of AED in Guangzhou

作为曾被批评为国内普及AED首批城市中唯一缺席的一线城市,广州实际在近年探索了一条有别于由政府牵头的普及路径:原先并不处于特定结构中的地铁、媒体、法律界、政府、社会组织等行动者,在猝死身体的多次征召下互相联结,织就一张去中心的AED普及网。本研究引入行动者网络理论(ANT)以观察广州个案中身体的能动性,并拆解多行动者参与下人工技术物“嵌入身体”与“嵌入城市”的“黑箱”。本文认为,作为一种意涵复杂的人类病理症状,猝死使现代身体在文化意义上从人转为非人行动者,而猝死身体在现代城市语境中能动定义的“现场急救”“新闻表征”等超越人类意图的转译问题,为AED相关的媒介实践提供了动力。本文通过广州个案的基础设施研究,尝试省思本土新闻传播ANT经验研究过度凸显“人类能动性”而遮蔽“非人能动性”的弊端,并以此重启ANT与媒介研究的学术对话。

As the only first-tier city absent in the process of the first batch of promotion of automatic external defibrillator(AED)in China,Guangzhou has explored a promotion path different from those led by the governments in recent years:the subway,the media,the legal profession,the government,and social organizations,which were not previously in a certain structure,connected with each other under the repeated recruitment of the bodies of sudden death,weaving a decentralized AED promotion network.This study introduces the Actor-Network-Theory(ANT)to attach importance to the agency of the human body in the Guangzhou case,and uncovers the black box of“embedding in the body”and“embedding in the city”of technical artifacts with the participation of multiple actors.This paper argues that,as a human pathological symptom with complex meanings,sudden death makes the body change from a human to an inhuman actor in a cultural sense,so the body of sudden death can actively define the translation problems beyond human intention such as“first aid”and“news representation”in the modern urban context,and provide impetus for the media practice related to AED.Moreover,in the extensive empirical study that excessively highlights“human initiative”and overshadows“non-human initiative”,this paper presents an illuminating Guangzhou case,which can reboot the practical and academic dialogue between ANT and media theories.