新疆乌鲁木齐市与和田市小学生视力和屈光状态的比较

Comparation of visual acuity and refractive status amongprimary school students in Urumqi and Hotanof Xinjiang

目的 本研究旨在更全面、更准确地了解新疆乌鲁木齐市与和田市小学生近视状况,并解决目前汉族和其他少数民族人群对近视认知的差距。再者进一步探讨种族多样性人群中近视的危险因素。方法 横断面调查研究。对乌鲁木齐市与和田市所有小学进行分层整群抽样,于2021年分别随机抽取10所小学作为样本来源,对每名小学生均进行视力筛查和非睫状肌麻痹屈光检查。所有筛查数据均录入数据库,采用SPSS 23.0进行统计分析,采用χ^(2)检验比较组之间率的差异,分析近视潜在危险因素。结果 本研究共纳入乌鲁木齐市小学生11031例,其中汉族5730例(占51.9%),其他少数民族5301例(占48.1%),男生6000例(占54.4%),女生5031例(占45.6%),年龄(8.7±1.6)岁,总体近视患病率为24.4%。和田市小学生共9436例,汉族3878例(占41.1%),其他少数民族5558例(占58.9%),男生4727例(占50.1%),女生4709例(占49.9%),年龄(8.3±0.9)岁,总体近视患病率为20.9%。在筛查的近视人群中,乌鲁木齐市与和田市均存在性别差异,表现为近视发病以女性较多(χ^(2)=56.8/20.5,均P <0.001)。汉族近视患病率高于其他少数民族近视患病率(43.2%vs 26.4%,χ^(2)=130.4,P <0.001)有显著性差异。结论 乌鲁木齐市小学生近视患病率高于和田市小学生近视患病率,汉族小学生近视患病率比其他少数民族小学生近视患病率高,女性近视患病率也高于男性近视患病率,且随着年龄的增长及学习阶段的升高,近视患病率有逐渐升高的趋势。综合防控,不同地区和不同视力状态人群有所侧重。两地区性别、民族之间的比较差异均有统计学意义。

Objective To provide a more comprehensive and accurate understanding aboutmyopia status of primary school students in Urumqi and Hotan of Xinjiang,to solve the knowledge differencesbetween Han and other ethnic minorities in the current situation.And to further explore the risk factors for myopia in ethnically diverse populations.Methods A cross-sectional observational studywas performed.All primary schools in Urumqi and Hotan were stratified cluster sampling,and 10 primary schools were randomly selected as sample sources in 2021.Visual acuity screening and non-ciliary paralysis refraction were performed for each pupil.All screening data were entered into the database.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0.Data between two groups were compared using the χ^(2) test.The potential risk factors for myopia were analyzed.Results In this study,11,031 primary school students in Urumqi were included,including 5,730 Han nationalities(51.9%)and 5,301 other ethnic minorities(48.1%).And there were 6,000 boys(54.4%)and 5,031 girls(45.6%),who aged from(8.7±1.6)years old,and the overall prevalence of myopia was 24.4%.There were 9,436 primary school students in Hotan including 3,878(41.1%)cases of Han nationality,5,558 cases(58.9%)of other ethnic minorities.Among them,4,727 boys(50.1%)and 4,709 girls(49.9%)were included,whose average age were(8.3±0.9)years old,and the overall prevalence of myopia was 20.9%.Among all cases,gender had obvious differences in Urumqi and Hotan,and the incidence of myopia in girls was morethan that in boys(χ^(2)=56.8/20.5,P<0.001).The prevalence of myopia in Han nationality was higher than that of other ethnic groups(43.2%vs 26.4%,χ^(2)=130.4,P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among primary school students in Urumqi is higher than that in Hotan.The prevalence of myopia among Han primary school students is higher than that among other ethnic groups.With the growth of age and the increase of learning stage,the prevalence of myopia has gradually increased.Comprehensive prevention and controlshould be carried out according to different regions and different people with different visual status.Gender and ethnic groups in the two regions werestatistically significantly different.