国家粮食安全视角下我国种业发展的思路与政策建议

Directions and Policy Suggestions for China’s Seed Industry Development from the Perspective of National Food Security

近年来,在国家政策扶持下,我国种业取得了较快发展。但我国种业发展仍面临亟待解决的六大问题,主要表现在农作物种质资源流失与种质资源研究薄弱、农作物育种科技创新体系不健全、农作物生物技术及育种领域水平较低、农作物育种企业缺乏核心竞争力、农作物优良品种及推广与售后服务模式落后、农作物育种知识产权保护滞后等。因此,需要树立以保障国家粮食安全为目标的种业发展新思路,创建中国特色种业新机制、种业数量安全向兼顾数量安全和质量安全转变、破解和消除种质资源引发的国家种业源头安全风险、育种基础研究和关键技术有所突破、发展生态高值粮食育种产业等五个方面的重要内容,并在此基础上提出保障国家粮食安全视角下我国种业发展的七项政策建议。

In recent years,China’s seed industry has achieved rapid development with the support of relevant national policies.However,the development of China’s seed industry still faces six major problems yet to be solved,namely,the loss of crop germplasm resources and the weak research of germplasm resources,the imperfect scientific and technological innovation system of crop breeding,the low level of crop biotechnology and breeding,the lack of core competitiveness of crop breeding enterprises,the backward mode of excellent crop varieties and promotion and after-sales service,and inadequate protection of intellectual property in crop breeding.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce new ideas for the development of seed industry with the goal of ensuring national food security,create a new mechanism for seed industry with Chinese characteristics,change the quantitative security of seed industry accommodate quantitative security and quality security,eliminate the source security risks in national seed industry caused by germplasm resources,make breakthroughs in basic research and key technologies of seed breeding,and develop ecological high-value grain breeding industry.On this basis,seven policy suggestions for the development of China’s seed industry from the perspective of ensuring national food security are put forward.