“双减”背景下家长的教育焦虑及消解路径

Parents’ Anxiety and its Resolution under the Background of “Double Reduction” Policy

教育焦虑是我国家长的真实心态写照。在“双减”政策实施过程中,教育焦虑发生了不同程度的变化,从教育机会焦虑看,择校焦虑得到有效缓解,升学焦虑依旧处于高位;从教育条件焦虑看,由优质师资稀缺引发的教育焦虑得到一定程度改善但仍存在次生风险,由学校作业管理不当引发的教育焦虑得到有效化解;从教育结果焦虑看,学业成就焦虑成为家长教育焦虑的主要表现形式,学业评价焦虑进一步强化和扩大。究其根本,“学而优则仕”等传统观念根植于家庭教育引发家长的阶层流动隐忧,学生评价机制不健全导致家长难以平衡短期利益与长远发展的关系,对学科类培训机构的限制与管控未必带来优质教育资源富足,教育领域中的不规范不合理现象造成家长主观性教育资源稀缺,家长信息甄别能力弱和教育能力不足引发认知误区等,都是家长陷入教育焦虑的主要成因。构建有利于学生全面发展和健康成长的良性教育生态是消解家长教育焦虑的根本途径,具体应改革教育评价机制和招考制度,推动从育“分”到育“人”转变;提升基础教育质量,推进教育优质均衡发展;明确角色定位和培训范围,推动学科类校外培训机构合理平稳转型;建立由国家和公立学校主导的家庭教育指导服务体系,提高家庭教育指导的针对性和实效性。

Education anxiety is a reflection of the real state of mind of Chinese parents,which has changed to varying degrees during the implementation of the“double reduction”policy.In terms of anxiety about educational opportunities,the anxiety of choosing a school has been effectively alleviated;however,the anxiety of passing on to what middle/high school is still at a high level.In terms of anxiety about educational conditions,the anxiety caused by the scarcity of high-quality teachers has been alleviated to a certain extent,but there are still secondary risks,and the anxiety caused by the school’s improper management of homework has been effectively resolved.In terms of anxiety about educational results,academic achievement has become the main manifestation of parents’educational anxiety,and their anxiety on academic evaluation has been further expanded.Fundamentally,there are quite a few causes underlying parents’educational anxiety:traditional cultural concepts such as“A good scholar will make an official”rooted in family education leading to hidden worries of social mobility;the imperfect student evaluation mechanism that makes it difficult for parents to balance the relationship between short-term interests and long-term development;the restriction and control of discipline training institutions that lead to the shortage of high-quality education resources at the objective level;the non-standard and unreasonable phenomena in education that cause the scarcity of educational resources on the subjective level of parents;and parents’lack of information screening ability and educational ability that lead to cognitive misunderstanding.To relieve parents’educational anxiety,it is necessary to build a benign educational ecology that is conducive to the all-round development and healthy growth of students.Specifically,the education evaluation mechanism and recruitment system should be reformed to promote the transition from improving“grades”to cultivating“people”,the quality of basic education should be improved to promote the balanced development of high-quality education,the role orientation and training scope of discipline training institutions should be clarified to promote reasonable and stable transformation,and the family education guidance service system led by the state and public schools should be established to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of family education guidance.