后疫情时代海上公共卫生安全法治的挑战与中国方案

On the Rule of Law of Maritime Public Health and Security in the Post-COVID-19 Era

后疫情时代,海上公共卫生安全问题不仅威胁全球各国公共卫生安全,也对海上人员安全、船舶航行安全、海洋环境安全造成威胁。究其根本,后疫情时代有关海上公共卫生安全的防治治理中,存在人类活动与海洋环境保护的冲突、主权与人权的冲突、国际法规则碎片化、国家履约中的能力不足与意愿欠缺、国际组织权利受限及职能欠缺等挑战。因此,以构建海洋命运共同体为价值导向处理人海关系冲突;以人类命运共同体理念所包涵的价值平衡海上公共卫生安全中主权与人权的冲突;以共同利益为基础,提升各国履约意愿,促进国家间合作;立足国家实践整合各领域法治规则,突破国际法规则的碎片化;完善国际组织在海上公共卫生安全领域的应对与协调职能,推动构建人类卫生健康共同体。

In the post-epidemic era,the issue of maritime public health security not only threatens the public health security of all countries,but also poses a threat to the safety and security of maritime personnel,vessels and the marine environment.Basic challenges in the post-COVID-19 era include the conflict between human activities and marine environmental protection,the conflict between sovereignty and human rights,the fragmentation of international laws and regulations,the lack of capacity and will in the implementation of treaties,and the limited rights and functions of international organizations.Therefore,we should take the maritime community of shared future as the value to guide and deal with conflicts in the relations between people and the oceans,balance the conflicts between sovereignty and human rights in maritime public health security with the legal value of the concept of community with a shared future for mankind;and enhance the will of all countries to fulfill their obligations and promote international cooperation on the basis of common interests;integrate the rule of law in various fields based on national practice in order to break through the fragmentation of rules of international law;improve the response and coordination of international organizations in maritime public health security,and promote the construction of a community of common health for mankind.