干细胞及其衍生细胞外泌体在心肌梗死损伤修复中的作用

Roles of Exosomes Secreted from Stem Cells and Their Derived Cells in Cardiac Repair Following Myocardial Infarction

移植干细胞及其衍生细胞为心肌梗死后心肌修复带来希望。其中,旁分泌效应被认为是移植细胞心肌保护作用的新型机制。越来越多的实验证据表明,各种干细胞分泌的外泌体通过向靶细胞递送特定物质(如某些蛋白质和小RNA)而成为心脏细胞间重要的物质和信息传播者,发挥对缺血损伤心肌的保护作用。因此,干细胞来源的外泌体有可能成为促进心肌修复的生物制剂。该文简要总结了干细胞及其衍生细胞外泌体对心肌梗死后心脏损伤修复的研究进展,聚焦于外泌体的形成、特征和功能,各类成体干细胞和多能干细胞及其衍生细胞外泌体成分及作用机制,并探讨了外泌体作为促进缺血性心脏病损伤修复制剂的可能性和亟需解决的问题。

Transplantation of stem cells and their derived cells brings hopes for cardiac repair following myocardial infarction.Mechanically,these protective effects are mainly mediated by the paracrine effect.Accumulated evidences show that various stem cell-derived exosomes are important vehicles for delivering specific substances and messages to target cells in the heart.These exosomes and their contents,such as certain proteins and small RNAs,can improve cardiac function of ischemic hearts and promote healing processes of infarcted hearts.Therefore,stem cell-derived exosomes might become a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic heart disease.In this review,we summarized current research progress in the exosomes secreted by stem cells and their derived cells on the repair of infarcted hearts,with a focus on the formation,characteristics,compositions,functions and mechanisms of exosomes secreted from adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells as well as their derived cells,and discussed the potential and challenges for the translational applications of the exosomes in myocardial repair.