从“子”缀“儿”缀的消长看Z变韵的性质

On the Nature of the Final Variation of Z-suffixation from the Prospect of the Growth and Decline of the-Zi 子 the-Er 儿 Suffixes

豫北晋语一般名词的Z变韵(不包括小地名变韵),过去多认为是“子”变韵,赵日新曾论证其实很可能是儿化韵,本文为Z变韵即儿化韵提供一个新的例证。文章首先检索“瓜子、鸡子、菜子”等词在历史文献中的用例,其中“子”绝大多数为实义语素,未见“瓜子子、鸡子子、菜子子”的用例,据此可初步判断“瓜子Z、鸡子Z、菜子Z”不大可能是“瓜子、鸡子、菜子”的“子变韵”;其次,历时考察“子”缀和“儿”缀在官话方言中的消长情况及儿化形成的时间,说明[u]类变韵“儿化”说比“子变”说更具说服力;最后,对某些方言存在“瓜·子”或“瓜子·子”但并未形成所谓“子变韵”的现象进行分析说明。

The final variation of Z-suffixation of common nouns in the Jin group in northern He'nan,excluding the final variation of small place names,was regarded as the final variation of-zi子suffix.However,the first author of this paper has argued that they may actually be retroflex finals,and this paper will provide a new evidence.First of all,the paper finds out that zi子in words like guazi瓜子,jizi鸡子and caizi菜子in historical documents is a lexical morpheme and words like guazizi瓜子子,jizizi鸡子子or caizizi菜子子are not found which preliminarily indicates that it may not be the final variation of-zi子suffix.Secondly,the paper carries a diachronic investigation into the growth and decline of the-zi子and-er儿suffixes in Mandarins and the time when the retroflex finals formed,which indicates that the[u]-type final variation,like the-er儿suffix final variation,is more persuasive than the-zi子suffix final variation.Finally,this paper analyzes the phenomenon in some dialects that there are gua·zi瓜·子or guazi·zi瓜子·子but the final variation of-zi子suffix has not happened yet.