数字经济时代标准就业与非标准就业健康差异的实证研究——基于环境污染的视角

An Empirical Study on the Health Difference between Standard Employment and Non-standard Employment in the Era of Digital Economy——Based on the Perspective of Environmental Pollution

数字经济时代,非标准就业在全球劳动力市场中盛行。文章利用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,从理论和实证层面分析了环境污染对标准就业与非标准就业健康差异的影响、机制及区域和年份异质性。研究发现:环境污染显著降低了个体健康状况改善的概率,与标准就业相比,环境污染对非标准就业健康损害风险更大。健康差异分解结果表明,标准就业健康状况优于非标准就业,两群体健康差异主要是由可观测的特征差异造成的,其中,环境污染显著扩大了健康差异,对健康差异贡献度为7.87%。健康差异的污染分化机制分析表明,个体收入增长对环境污染的健康损害风险存在正向调整机制,收入增长会抵消环境污染造成的健康恶化,然而超时工作会加重环境污染的健康损害风险。异质性回归结果显示,环境污染的健康损害风险呈现由西向东逐渐加强趋势,且环境污染对健康差异贡献度越来越大,而随年份增加有减弱趋势。

In the era of digital economy,non-standard employment is prevalent in the global labor market.Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),this study theoretically and empirically analyzed the impact of environmental pollution on health disparities between standard employment and non-standard employment,as well as its mechanisms,regional and annual heterogeneity.The study found that environmental pollution significantly reduced the probability of individual health status improvement,and compared with standard employment,environmental pollution had a greater impact on the health of non-standard employment.The health difference decomposition results showed that the health status of standard employment was better than that of non-standard employment,and the health difference between the two groups was mainly caused by the differences in observable characteristics.Among them,environmental pollution significantly enlarged the health difference,contributing 7.87%to the health difference.The analysis of the pollution differentiation mechanism of health disparities showed that the increase of individual income had a positive adjustment mechanism to the risk of health damage caused by environmental pollution,and the income level could offset the health deterioration caused by environmental pollution.However,overtime work increased the risk of health damage caused by environmental pollution.The results of heterogeneous regression showed that the impact of environmental pollution on health was gradually strengthened from west to east,and the contribution of environmental pollution to health disparities was increasing,but decreased with the increase of years.