不同改良剂对河套灌区土壤盐碱指标及作物产量的影响研究

Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Salinity Index and Crop Yield in the Irrigation Area of Hetao

针对内蒙古河套灌区的生产实际情况和盐碱土特点,设对照(CK)、施用脱硫石膏(S)、施用腐植酸(F)、施用黄腐酸(H)、施用农家肥(J)和施用生物炭(C)6个处理,以田间小区试验的方法,通过对比分析不同改良剂对向日葵产量及向日葵收获后土壤盐分、pH、总碱度、钠吸附比的影响,探究该区最适盐碱改良材料。结果表明:在表层土壤,施用改良剂处理与对照处理相比均降低了土壤盐分,且处理间效果差异明显;其中,S处理和F处理效果较好,盐分相对升高率分别较对照处理降低38.71%和37.41%;H处理降低土壤pH效果最大,比对照处理降低了0.375个单位;H处理、C处理降低土壤总碱度效果较好,而F处理和C处理降低土壤钠吸附比(SAR)效果较好;F处理和C处理向日葵增产效果最好,分别较对照处理增产46.98%、38.14%。综合各改良材料对土壤盐碱指标和向日葵产量的影响,腐植酸改良剂是该试验区较适宜改良剂。

According to the production practice and saline-alkali soil characteristics in the irrigation area of Hetao,six treatments such as control treatment(CK),desulfurization gypsum(S),humic acid(F),fulvic acid(H),farm manure(J)and biochar(C)were set up to conduct improvement experiments by the way of field experiment.By comparing and analyzing the effects of different improvement materials on soil salinity,pH,total alkalinity and sodium adsorption ratio at the 0-20 cm soil depth after harvesting,as well as the effects on sunflower yield,the optimal saline-alkali improvement materials were explored.The results showed that all the improvement measures reduced the soil salt content compared with the CK,but the reducing effects between the treatments were significance.The relative salt elevation rate of S and F treatments decreased by 38.71%and 37.41%compared with that of CK treatment,respectively.The pH value of soil under H treatment decreased most compared with that of CK,with the value of0.375 units.The total alkalinity of soil under H and C treatments were reduced most compared with other treatments,while the soil sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)under the F and C treatments were reduced most compared with other treatments.The yield of F and C treatments significantly increased by 46.98%and 38.14%compared with that of CK.According to the effect of different amendments on soil salinity index and sunflower yield,the humic acid is the appropriate saline-alkali improvement materials in this area.