熏蒸条件下有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜光合和氮代谢酶活性的影响

Effects of Partial Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer by Organic Fertilizer on Activities of Photosynthetic Enzyme and Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme of Watermelon under Fumigation

基于田间大棚试验,以单施化肥(CF)和不施肥(CK)为对照,研究在熏蒸、和等量养分条件下,鸡粪(CM)、蚓粪(VC)、生物有机肥(BOF)三种有机肥部分替代化肥(简称有机替代)对西瓜叶片核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)和Rubisco活化酶(RCA)两种光合酶活性,叶片和果实硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)四种氮代谢关键酶活性以及西瓜根系形态的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥(CF)相比,有机替代均能不同程度地提高西瓜光合酶和氮代谢关键酶活性以及根系形态指标;整体来看,VC处理改善以上指标的效果最佳,与CF相比,熏蒸条件下西瓜根系生长指标显著提升、提升幅度在12.68%~37.96%不等,叶片Rubisco与RCA活性显著增加、增幅分别为40.43%和45.36%,盛花期叶片的NR、NiR、GS和GOGAT的活性分别提高了83.87%、27.88%、20.89%和23.69%;熏蒸对植物光合酶和氮代谢酶活性有一定程度的促进作用。总之,有机替代可以明显改变西瓜根系形态、提高光合酶活性和氮代谢关键酶活性。

The root morphology of watermelon and activities of photosynthetic enzyme(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,Rubisco;and rubisco activase,RCA)and nitrogen(N)metabolism enzyme(nitrate reductase,NE;nitrite reductase,NiR;glutamine synthetase,GS;and glutamine-oxoglutarate aminotransferase,GOGAT)of watermelon fruit and leaf were analyzed after partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by three organic fertilizers(chicken manure,CM;vermicompost,VC;and bio-organic fertilizer,BOF)at the equal amount of nutrients under fumigation in a greenhouse experiment.The results showed that,compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer(CF),the combination of organic fertilizer improved the activities of photosynthetic enzymes and key N metabolism enzymes and the morphological indices of root system.As a whole,VC treatment had the best effect on the improvement of the above indicators.Compared with CF treatment,the activities of Rubisco and RCA in VC treatment increased by 40.43%and 45.36%under the fumigation condition,respectively,and the activities of NR,NiR,GS and GOGAT increased by 83.87%,27.88%,20.89%and 23.69%at the flowering stage,respectively.Fumigation promoted the above indices,but had little effects.In a word,reducing application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer can significantly improve root morphology,and activities of photosynthetic enzyme and key nitrogen metabolism enzyme of watermelon.