川西北多民族地区女性乳腺癌筛查认知行为调查分析

Investigation and analysis of cognitive behavior of breast cancer screening in women in northwest Sichuan multi- ethnic area

目的:调查川西北多民族地区女性对乳腺癌筛查认知现状,分析影响筛查行为的因素。方法:用分层随机抽样法,抽取该地区419例已婚女性作为调查对象。通过访谈和问卷调查的形式了解调查对象的一般资料和对乳腺癌筛查行为的认知情况等。结果:419名女性对乳腺癌筛查知晓率为64.0%。被调查对象的感知易感性量表得分为(9.66±2.35)分;感知严重性量表得分为(14.60±5.46)分;乳腺癌认知量表得分为(2.37±1.56)分。70.9%的调查对象不愿意主动参加筛查,主要原因是“未接到通知(59.0%)”。75.2%的调查对象不愿意支付费用,主要原因是“没有必要(60.0%)”。大部分女性筛查行为处于前意向阶段(54.9%)和意向阶段(20.1%)。单因素分析显示年龄大(P<0.05)、少数民族(P<0.05)、受教育程度低(P=<0.05)、无乳腺癌家族史(P<0.05)、感知易感性评分低(P<0.05)、感知严重性评分低(P<0.05)是影响该区域女性进行乳腺癌筛查的主要因素。结论:川西北多民族地区女性乳腺癌筛查知晓率和认知水平均偏低,相关工作人员应针对年龄偏大、文化程度偏低的少数民族女性加强宣传,提高对乳腺癌的认知和筛查率。

Objective: To investigate the status of women’s cognition of breast cancer screening in northwest Sichuan and analyze the influencing factors of screening behavior.Methods: By random sampling method, 419 married women in this area were selected as the survey objects. The general information and cognition of breast cancer screening behavior of the respondents were investigated through interviews and questionnaires. Results: Among 419 women, the awareness rate of breast cancer screening was 64.0%.The score of the perceptual susceptibility scale was(9.66±2.35).The perceived severity scale score was(14.60±5.46).The score of breast cancer cognition scale was(2.37±1.56). 70.9 percent of the respondents were unwilling to participate in the screening, and 59.0 percent said they were not informed. 75.2 percent of respondents said they did not want to pay fees, saying it was not necessary(60 percent). Most of the women’s screening behaviors were in the pre-intention stage(54.9%) and intention stage(20.1%). Univariate analysis showed that older age(P=0.038), minority nationality(P<0.05), low education level(P<0.05), no family history of breast cancer(P=0.001), low perceived susceptibility score(P<0.05), low perceived severity score(P<0.05) were the main factors influencing breast cancer screening in women in this region. Conclusion: The awareness rate and cognition level of breast cancer screening are low in northwest Sichuan multi-ethnic area. Related staff should strengthen publicity for older and less educated minority women to improve breast cancer awareness and screening rate.