第三方资助仲裁的意思自治保障与限制问题研究

Research on Guarantees and Restrictions of Autonomy in Third-Party Funded Arbitration

如何平衡当事人意思自治的保障与限制是第三方资助仲裁面临的重要问题。一方面,第三方资助有助于增强当事人仲裁意愿,分担败诉风险,帮助实现正义;另一方面,仲裁契约性与当事人意思自治互为表里,第三方资助不仅冲击了仲裁契约性,也影响了意思自治。第三方资助仲裁对仲裁契约性与当事人意思自治的冲击,使得控制问题成为第三方资助仲裁亟待解决的重要问题。第三方出资者过度控制案件是对当事人意思自治的不当限制,应当找到市场化与法治化兼容的解决方式,引导第三方资助仲裁的持续健康发展。

How to balance the protection and limitation of party autonomy is an important issue facing third-party funded arbitration.On the one hand,third-party funding can help enhance parties’willingness to arbitrate,share the risk of losing,and help achieve justice;however,on the other hand,arbitration contractuality and party autonomy are mutually exclusive,and third-party funding not only affects arbitration contractuality,but also affects autonomy.The impact of third-party funding on the contractuality of arbitration and party autonomy,and the use of control has become a major issue that needs to be addressed in third-party funded arbitration.Excessive control of cases by third-party funders is an undue restriction of party autonomy,and a solution compatible with market-based and rule-of-law approaches should be found to guide the sustainable and healthy development of third-party funded arbitration.