我国法院适用重新仲裁制度的实证研究

The Application of Re-Arbitration:An Empirical Study of Chinese Courts

重新仲裁是法院对商事仲裁进行司法干预的一种表现形式,具有赋予仲裁庭通过再次仲裁纠正错误的独特制度作用。但是我国现行法律规范对重新仲裁制度的规定仅具框架性,在其启动流程和适用范围的规定上都存在不足之处。本研究发现,我国法院在适用重新仲裁制度时存在明显的司法不统一的情况。司法实践中裁定的重新仲裁有的是因仲裁程序存在问题,也有的是因仲裁裁决存在实体问题,或者存在难以清楚地界定为程序或者实体的问题。有的法院在裁定重新仲裁时,说明了裁定的理由,但也有的裁定没有说明理由。有的法院在裁定重新仲裁时,征询了当事人的意见,但也有不征询当事人意见的情况。因此我国的重新仲裁制度尚有很大的完善空间,包括进一步明确重新仲裁的适用事由及启动程序,法院和仲裁机构之间可以为此建立非正式的沟通机制。

Re-arbitration is an important means of exercising judicial supervision over commercial arbitral awards,and it enjoys distinct advantages in terms of enabling arbitral tribunals to reflect upon and correct their own mistakes.However,laws and rules concerning rearbitration in China have been very general,leaving unspecified how re-arbitration should be initiated and under what circumstances it is applicable.This paper finds noticeable divergences in judicial practice.In some cases,re-arbitration is applied due to procedural defects,whereas it is applied in others for substantive concerns,or for reasons which cannot be easily categorized under the procedural-substantive dichotomy.In some cases,reasons for re-arbitration are spelt out,whereas they are not in others.In some cases,opinions from the parties are inquired when the courts are to apply re-arbitration,whereas they are not in others.This paper proposes to improve the practice of re-arbitration in China by further specifying the procedures and applicable grounds for re-arbitration,and establishing unofficial communication channels between courts and arbitral institutions.