广州市越秀区社区老年人营养不良风险评估及影响因素分析

Risk assessment and influencing factors of malnutrition among community-dwelling senior citizens in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City

目的通过研究掌握越秀区社区老年人的膳食营养状况和主要影响因素,探讨老年人营养不良干预适宜措施,为制订老年人营养改善策略提供科学依据。方法选取广州市越秀区作为调查点,于2018—2020年,随机抽取4个社区,招募474名65岁及以上老年人参与问卷调查及体格检查。采用卫生行业标准《老年人营养不良风险评估(WS/T 552—2017)》量表对老年人生活方式及饮食习惯进行评估。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据处理与分析,采用χ^(2)检验、二元logistic回归分析老年人营养不良风险的影响因素。结果越秀区社区老年人存在营养不良率、营养不良风险率分别为0.21%、36.08%。不良牙齿状况(OR=3.351)、每日餐次小于3次(OR=6.120)、近3月有饮食变化(OR=9.381)、每日户外活动时间不足(OR=4.929)、每日摄入奶类、豆制品、鱼/肉/禽/蛋类种类(OR=2.160)及蔬菜水果(OR=3.981)不足、独居(OR=4.428)、低文化程度(OR=2.756)、自我感觉经济状况不好(OR=3.723)、慢性病大于3种(OR=5.709)、有认知障碍或抑郁(OR=6.449)、长期服药大于3种(OR=5.734)及腰围超标(OR=2.947)是老年人发生营养不良/营养不良风险的主要危险因素。结论越秀区社区老年人存在营养不良/营养不良的风险,政府及医务人员应加强对老年人的营养状况筛查,加强营养与健康知识宣传,制定有针对性的干预措施以改善其营养状态,预防营养相关疾病的发生。

Objective To study the dietary nutrition status and its main influencing factors among community-dwelling older people in Yuexiu District,to explore the appropriate intervention measures for malnutrition among senior citizens,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating nutrition improvement strategies for the group.Methods A questionnaire survey and physical examinations were conducted among 474 senior citizens aged 65 years and above and recruited from 4 randomly selected communities in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City from 2018 and 2020.Lifestyle and dietary habits of the senior citizens were assessed using the health industry standard the Malnutrition Risk Assessment of the Aged(WS/T 552-2017).SPSS 17.0 software was used to conduct data processing and analysis.χ^(2)test and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the factors impacting the risk of malnutrition in the senior citizens.Results The proportions of the community-dwelling senior citizens with malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition in Yuexiu District were 0.21%and 36.08%,respectively.The main risk factors for malnutrition/the risk of malnutrition in the senior citizens were poor dental condition(OR=3.351),having less than three meals a day(OR=6.120),diet changes in recent three months(OR=9.381),insufficient time for daily outdoor activities(OR=4.929),insufficient daily intake of milk,soy products,fish/meat/poultry/eggs(OR=2.160),vegetables and fruits(OR=3.981),living alone(OR=4.428),low educational level(OR=2.756),feeling poor economic status(OR=3.723),having more than three chronic diseases(OR=5.709),suffering from cognitive disorder or depression(OR=6.449),long-term medication with more thanthree kinds of medicines(OR=5.734),and excessive waist circumference(OR=2.947).Conclusion The community-dwellingsenior citizens in Yuexiu District have malnutrition/risk of malnutrition.The government and medical staff should strengthen thescreening of nutritional status in this group,facilitate the dissemination of nutrition-related knowledge,and formulate targetedinterventions to improve their nutritional status and prevent the occurrence of nutrition-related diseases.