中国陆相页岩油勘探理论与技术进展

Advances in theory and technology of non-marine shale oil exploration in China

陆相页岩油是一个全新领域,近期的勘探实践已在鄂尔多斯盆地、松辽盆地、渤海湾盆地、准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地等不同页岩层系取得了重要进展,截止2022年底,页岩油探明、控制、预测三级地质储量达44亿t,2022年产量达318万t。页岩油勘探理论和技术也取得了一系列进展,创新了有机母质类型分析与有机质生排烃实验、储层表征技术、页岩油赋存状态与含油性分析、保压取心与现场测试等页岩实验测试分析技术,基本上能满足页岩油相关实验测试要求;在细粒沉积与有机质富集机理、陆相页岩纹层结构与组合类型、储层孔缝结构与储集性、页岩油富集机理取得了一系列新的认识,指导了重点地区选区选带评价研究。研发了烃源岩品质测井评价、储层品质测井评价、工程品质测井评价、岩石物理敏感参数分析和定量预测、多任务学习储层参数预测、各向异性地应力预测、水平井地震地质导向评价、富集层(甜点)综合评价等技术,并推广应用,在页岩油储量提交、甜点区优选、水平井部署、随钻导向预警和钻完井工程改造方面提供了重要且面向全周期的技术支撑。但陆相页岩油规模勘探与效益开发目前还面临诸多挑战,必须建立全新的研究内容与研究重点,特别需要把研究精度升级并要加强微观研究,加强固/液/气多相多场耦合流动机理研究,加强多学科交叉研究等,以建立页岩油成藏新学科。

Non-marine shale oil is a new frontier.Recent exploration practices have made significant progress in different shale formations including in the Ordos Basin,Songliao Basin,Bohai Bay Basin,Junggar Basin,and Qaidam Basin.At the end of 2022,the geological reserves of shale oil,including the proven,controlled,and predicted reserves,reached 44×10^(8)t,and the production in 2022 was 318×10^(4)t.The exploration theory and technology of shale oil have also made a series of advances,such as innovating shale experimental testing and analysis technologies including organic matter type analysis and organic matter generation and expulsion experiments,reservoir characterization technology,shale oil occurrence state and oil content analysis,and pressure maintaining coring and on-site testing.These technologies can basically meet the requirements of shale oil related experimental testing.A series of new understandings has been obtained in the aspects of fine-grained sedimentation and organic matter enrichment mechanisms,terrestrial shale laminated structure and combination types,pore and fracture structure and storage capacity in reservoirs,and shale oil enrichment mechanisms,which guided the research on evaluation of selected areas and zones in the key areas of shale oil.Technologies such as logging evaluation of hydrocarbon source rock quality,reservoir quality,and engineering quality,analysis and quantitative prediction of rock physical sensitive parameters,multi-task learning of reservoir parameter prediction,anisotropic stress prediction,seismic geological orientation evaluation of horizontal wells,and comprehensive evaluation of enrichment layers(“sweet spots”)have been developed and promoted.This provides important and all-cycle technical support for shale oil reserves submission,sweet spot area selection,horizontal well deployment,and directional drilling warning and engineering retrofit after drilling completion.However,large-scale exploration and efficient development of non-marine shale oil still face many challenges.It is necessary to establish new research content and priorities,especially to upgrade research precision and strengthen microscopic research,solid/liquid/gas multiphase and multi-field coupling flow mechanism research,and interdisciplinary research,in order to establish a new discipline of shale oil accumulation.