基于共生理论的中国边境省域旅游生态安全评价

Evaluation of tourism ecological security in Chinese border provinces based on symbiosis theory

明确边境省域旅游与生态的共生关系及旅游生态安全状态,对边境地区旅游产业和生态安全协调发展具有重要意义。文章通过DPSIR模型构建边境省域旅游与生态共生评价指标体系,引入Lotka-Volterra共生模型分析旅游产业和生态环境的共生关系和旅游生态安全状态,并运用障碍度模型、灰色关联度模型分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)边境省域的旅游发展潜力、资源环境容量、生态环境水平指数分别呈现快速上升、基本稳定和波动上升态势,旅游发展潜力、资源环境容量主要障碍因子分别为旅游环境压力指标、资源环境响应指标,生态环境水平主要障碍因子为湿地覆盖率、自然保护区面积占比、城市建成区绿化覆盖率。(2)边境省域旅游与生态共生关系良好,共生模式以互利共生为主,非互利模式以旅游寄生为主,表明旅游在共生关系中处于强势地位。(3)边境省域旅游生态安全状态总体安全,各省域安全状态呈现向好态势,西部、东北、西南边境地区安全状态分别为危险型、复杂型和安全型,吉林、广西旅游生态安全状态较好,新疆、西藏欠佳。(4)旅游生态安全主要影响因素为旅游人次增长率、旅游收入增长率、人均水资源储量、自然灾害直接经济损失和空气环境质量优良率。

Clarifying the symbiotic relationship between tourism and ecology in border provinces,as well as assessing the state of tourism ecological security,has great significance for promoting the coordinated development of the tourism industry and ecological security in border areas.The evaluation index system of tourism&ecology symbiosis in border provinces was established through DPSIR model,the Lotka-Volterra symbiosis model was introduced to analyze the symbiotic relationship between the tourism industry and the ecological environment and the tourism ecological security status,and the influencing factors were analyzed by the obstacle degree model and the gray correlation degree model.The results show that:(1)the indexes of tourism development potential,resource and environment capacity,and the ecological environment level in border provinces show a rapid increase,basic stability,and fluctuating upward trend,respectively.The index of tourist environmental pressure and the index of resource and environment response are the main obstacle factors for tourism development potential and resource and environment capacity,and the main obstacle factors for ecological environment level are wetland coverage rate,nature reserve area ratio,and greening coverage rate of urban built-up area.(2)The symbiotic relationship between tourism and ecology in border provinces is good,symbiosis patterns are dominated by mutually beneficial symbiosis,while the non-mutually beneficial patterns are dominated by tourism parasitism,indicating that tourism is in a strong position in the symbiotic relationship.(3)The tourism ecological security status in border provinces is generally safe,and the security status of each province shows a favorable trend,and the tourism ecological security status in the western,northeastern and southwestern border areas is dangerous,complex and safe,respectively,Jilin and Guangxi have a good state of tourism ecological security,Xinjiang and Xizang are poor.(4)The main factors influencing the tourism ecological security encompass the growth rate of tourist arrival,the growth rate of tourist income,the per capita water reserves,the direct economic losses of natural disasters,and the excellence rate of air quality.