面向专题旅游资源的分类体系构建方法——以海洋旅游资源为例

A method for constructing classification system of theme-oriented tourism resources:Taking marine tourism resources as an example

旅游资源类型多样,资源分类国家标准难以完全适用于全部应用场景。研究以海洋旅游资源为例,探讨面向专题旅游资源的分类体系构建思路与方法,并以滨海旅游地烟台市蓬莱区与海岛旅游地长岛海洋生态文明综合试验区为对象进行实证检验。研究认为:(1)基于“属性认知-知识获取-关系构建”的思路可实现专题旅游资源分类体系的构建。属性认知通过对概念内涵与空间形态的异质性辨析,可界定专题资源的类型范畴;知识获取通过提取类型概念及其关系,可为专题资源分类构建提供知识基础;关系构建基于“线-面”结合的分类方法,建立起类型概念的层级与层间关系,从而构建出专题旅游资源的分类体系。(2)专题资源分类方法可归纳为:大类划分基于资源异质性认知,主类划分基于国标引用、国标重组、特性完善3种方式,亚类划分引入面分法,基本类划分基于类型的多维属性。(3)案例实证构建出由4个层次组成的海洋旅游资源分类体系,检验证实了研究提出的思路与方法,对构建专题旅游资源分类体系具有较强的科学性与适用性。研究丰富了旅游资源分类体系的认知与方法,可为旅游资源保护利用的研究与实践提供科学参考。

With diverse types of tourism resources,the current national standards for resource classification are difficult to fully apply to all specific scenarios.Taking marine tourism resources as an example,this study explores the classification system construction ideas and methods for theme-oriented tourism resources,and empirically tests them in Penglai District in Yantai City,which is a coastal tourist destination and the Changdao Marine Ecological Civilization Comprehensive Experimental Area,an island tourist destination.The study finds that:(1)the construction of a theme-oriented tourism resources classification system can be achieved based on the idea of“attribute cognition,knowledge acquisition,relationship construction”.Attribute cognition,through the differentiation of the heterogeneity of conceptual connotation and spatial range,can define the type category of theme-oriented tourism resources.Knowledge acquisition,through the extraction of type concepts and their relationships,can provide a knowledge base for the construction of theme-oriented tourism resources classification.Relationship building,based on the“line-surface”combined classification method,establishes the hierarchical and inter-layer relationships of types,thereby constructing a classification system for theme-oriented tourism resources.(2)The classification methods for theme-oriented tourism resources can be summarized as:the classification of major categories based on the cognition of resource heterogeneity,the classification of main categories based on three methods of national standard citation,national standard recombination,and characteristic improvement.The classification of subcategories introduces the faceted classification,and the classification of basic categories based on the multidimensional attributes of types.(3)The case study empirically constructs a classification system for marine tourism resources composed of four levels,and the verification confirms that the proposed ideas and methods have strong scientific and applicability in constructing a theme-oriented tourism resources classification system.This study enriches the cognition and methods of tourism resource classification system,which can provide scientific reference for the research and practice of tourism resources protection and utilization.