综合幸福感量表在流动人口中测评与应用

Evaluation and application on multiple happiness questionnaire among migrant workers

目的随着我国经济的发展,流动人口物质文化日益得到满足,其幸福感受到广泛关注。本研究旨在探讨综合幸福感量表评估流动人口综合幸福感的可适用性和应用性,为量表的推广使用提供参考。方法采用分层抽样的方法,选取2018年浙江省杭州、绍兴和衢州3个市共780名流动人口,采用苗元江研制的综合幸福感问卷(multiple happiness questionnaire,MHQ)量表进行问卷调查,包括50个条目,9个维度。采用Cronbach’sα系数衡量各因子的内部一致性信度。分别采用探索性因子分析(exploratory factor analysis,EFA)和验证性因子分析(confirmative factor analysis,CFA)评价量表的结构效度。结果780名流动人口,获得有效样本768份,有效率为98.5%。男457名,占59.5%;女311名,占40.5%。流动人口平均年龄为(33.95±9.95)岁。9个维度、2个领域和总量表的Cronbach’sα系数均>0.7,各维度均大于与其他维度的相关系数,提取的9个公因子共解释了70.69%总方差。模型比较拟合指数(comparison fitting index,CFI)=0.917,非规范拟合指数(non-normed fit index,NNFI,又称TLI)=0.911,验证性因子分析结果表明,CFI和TLI均>0.9;标准化残差均方根(standardized root mean square residual,SRMR)=0.048,近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)=0.048,均<0.05。除负性情感外,其他维度幸福感平均值均>7级,评分中间值为4,其中健康关注维度的平均得分最高。不同因素流动人口的幸福感结果显示,不同性别、年龄、文化程度和婚姻状况流动人口主观幸福感、心理幸福感和综合幸福感差异有统计学意义,均P<0.05。男性和女性人格成长差异有统计学意义;随着年龄增长,幸福感呈下降趋势;低文化程度流动人口幸福感较低;离婚或丧偶者幸福感较低。结论综合幸福感量表内部一致性良好,相关性和结构效度良好,具有较好的信度和效度,可用于流动人口幸福感的测评。流动人口幸福感的影响因素分析结果显示,浙江省部分地区流动人口幸福感尚佳。

OBJECTIVE As a special group,migrant workers is concerned by the society.The research on improving the happiness of migrant workers has always been a focus.This study aims to test the reliability and applicability of the multiple happiness questionnaire(MHQ)among migrant workers.METHODS In May 2018,780 migrant workers were measured by the MHQ in Hangzhou,Shaoxing and Quzhou in Zhejiang province.Cronbach′sαcoefficient was used to measure the internal consistency reliability of each factor.Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmative factor analysis(CFA)were used to evaluate the structural validity of the scale.RESULTS Among the 780 migrant workers,768 effective samples were obtained,with an effective rate of 98.5%.There were 457 men and 311 women,accounting for59.5%and 40.5%,respectively.Their average age was(33.95±9.95)years.The Cronbach′sαcoefficient of nine domains,two summary scores,and the overall scale were above 0.7,and nine domains′a coefficient were more than the correlation coefficient with other domains.The cumulative contribution rate was 90.69%by nine public factors.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that comparison fitting index and non-normed fit index were more than 0.9,and standardized root mean square residual and root mean square error of approximation were less than 0.05.Except for negative emotions,the average happiness of other dimensions was>7,and the median score was 4,among which the average score of health care dimension was the highest.The results of happiness of floating population with different factors showed that,there statistically significant differences in happiness of migrant workers with different gender,age,education level and marital status on subjective well-being,psychological well-being,and multiple happiness questionnaire,all P<0.05.The difference of male and female personality growth was statistically significant.Happiness declines with age;The floating population with low education level had lower happiness;People who were divorced or widowed had lower happiness.CONCLUSIONS The MHQ has good reliability and validity and can be used to measure the happiness of migrant workers.The influencing factors of happiness of migrant workers shows that,floating population happiness in some areas in Zhejiang Province is ok.