基于体型指标分类下的女子中长跑运动员的研究

The Study of Mid-Long Distance Female Runners Based on Somatotype

本研究以辽宁优秀女子中长跑运动员、青少年女子中长跑运动员和普通青少年女性的体型作为研究对象,平均年龄为18-25周岁。目的:全面了解高水平辽宁女子中长跑运动员的体型特征,提供中长跑运动员体型的选材参考依据。方法:采用国际促进人体功能形态测量学学会公认的"国际人体测量标准"中的全套测量指标、人体测量方法和测量仪器,对辽宁优秀、青少年女子中长跑运动运动员和普通青少年女性进行体型指标测量,并进行数理统计分析。结果:辽宁优秀女子中长跑优秀女子运动员的体型分布为"2.8-1.4-4.4",青少年女子运动员的平均体型指标为"3-1.9-4"均属于偏内胚层的外胚层型;普通青少年女性的体型为"4.8-3.2-3.2",属于均衡的内胚层型。结论:辽宁优秀女子中长跑运动员肌肉和骨骼不发达,更偏向瘦弱型,说明辽宁优秀女子中长跑运动员的体内脂肪含量少,骨骼纤细,肌肉的生理横断面积细小,肌肉不粗壮;身体线性度较高,整个外观体型呈瘦长均衡型。而辽宁普通青少年女性的体型说明了青少年女性的身体形态特点是,骨骼及肌肉发达程度中等、体态丰满且体型偏修长。

This study takes the somatotype of Liaoning elite female middle-long distance athletes,female middle-Long distance athletes and ordinary female runners as the research object,with an average age of 18-25 years old.Objective:To comprehensively understand the somatotype of elite female’s middle-long distance athlete,and provide reference materials for the selection of middle-long distance participants’type;Method:Adopt the full set of measurement indicators in the international human body measurement standard recognized by the International Society for the Promotion of Human Functional Morphometry.Anthropometric methods and measuring instruments were used to measure body size indicators of elite middle-distance athletes,female middle-long distance athletes and ordinary female runners.Results:The figure distribution of elite female athletes in Liaoning was"2.8-1.4-4.4",the female middle-long distance athletes is"3-1.9-4",which belongs to the ectoderm type of partial endoderm;the ordinary female runners is"4.8-3.2-3.2",which belongs to a balanced endoderm type.Conclusion:The elite female athletes in Liaoning are with low muscles and bones,which are more lean and thin.This indicates that Liaoning elite female athletes have less body fat,thin bones,small physiological cross-sectional area of muscles,and muscles are not strong;meanwhile,their bodies are more linear with overall appearance of slim and balance.On the other hand,the somatotype of ordinary youth females shows the characters of moderate bone and muscle development,full body and long slender body.