中国基本公共服务不均等测算与分解

Measurement and Decomposition of the Inequality of Basic Public Services in China

研究目标:从基本公共服务财政支出及其效率不均等两个角度探讨基本公共服务不均等的来源。研究方法:提出了一种基本公共服务不均等分解方法。研究发现:2011年之前中国基本公共服务不均等程度呈缩小变化趋势,2011年以后,呈扩大变化趋势。大多数省份基本公共服务财政支出表现出负偏离,其效率杠杆率主要表现为放大作用,且正偏离省份的效率杠杆率主要表现为缩小作用,使得财政支出—基本公共服务不均等表现为负。由于大多数省份基本公共服务财政支出效率表现出正偏离,使得财政支出效率—基本公共服务不均等表现为正。在全国基本公共服务财政支出水平不变的前提下,本文设计了6种财政支出调整政策,其中有2种政策能够实现缩小基本公共服务不均等及其财政支出不均等、提高全国基本公共服务总体水平三重目标。研究创新:提出一种新的分解方法,使得能够从财政支出及其效率不均等视角探讨基本公共服务不均等的来源;设计6种财政支出调整政策,其中有2种能够实现降低基本公共服务不均等等三重目标。研究价值:有利于正确认识导致基本公共服务不均等的原因,政策设计可为政府制定基本公共财政调整政策提供依据。

Research Objectives:The sources of the inequality of basic public services were studied from the perspectives of the inequality of fiscal expenditure and its efficiency.Research Methods:A new method of inequality decomposition in basic public services was put forward.Research Findings:Before 2011,the inequality of basic public services tended to decrease,and after 2011,it tended to increase.There are about 15 provinces whose financial expenditure of the basic public service showed negative deviation and their efficiency leverage ratio showed expanding effect,8 provinces whose financial expenditure of the basic public service showed positive deviation and their efficiency leverage ratio showed reduction effect in the second most provinces,which made the financial expenditure-basic public service inequality negative in China.Because most provinces showed a positive deviation in the financial efficiency of basic public services,the inequality of financial expenditure efficiency-Basic public services is positive.Under the premise that the national basic public services expenditure remains unchanged,Six kinds of financial expenditure policies were put forward from the perspectives of basic public services expenditure and its efficiency in this paper,Among which two kinds of policies can achieve the triple goals as follows:reducing the inequality of basic public services and its financial expenditure,improving the overall level of basic public services in China.Research Innovations:A new method of inequality decomposition in basic public services was put forward,through which the sources of the inequality of basic public services can be studied.Six kinds of fiscal expenditure adjustment policies were designed,in which two kinds of policies achieve the triple goals as above.Research Value:It helps to understand the source of the inequality of basic public services and provide theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant policies.