济南长清灵岩寺摩诃劫宝那尊者罗汉像彩绘分析研究

Study on theĀrya MahāKappina Arhat Statues in Lingyan Temple at Changqing in Ji’nan

济南长清灵岩寺彩绘泥塑罗汉像是我国彩绘泥塑的代表作之一,具有极高的历史、艺术与科学价值。选取病害严重的明代摩诃劫宝那尊者罗汉像,利用三维超景深视频显微镜、激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜—能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪分析其彩绘颜料及地仗样品。分析结果表明,罗汉像从塑制至今,经历过多次重绘,其使用的彩绘颜料中红色颜料为朱砂、铅丹、铁红以及朱砂、铁红与方解石的混合物;绿色颜料有巴黎绿、斜氯铜矿、氯砷钠铜石及斜氯铜矿与铅白的混合物;蓝色颜料为天然青金石和人工合成群青;金色颜料为金。彩绘层中的白色底层为含硅、铝、钙的细白土。彩绘颜料中出现巴黎绿表明,摩诃劫宝那尊者罗汉像最后一次重绘是清末之际,与文献记载相符。彩绘地仗层由石英、斜长石、白云母和钠长石组成。分析研究结果为该身罗汉像保护修复工作提供科学依据。

The painted clay statues of arhats in the Lingyan Temple in Ji'nan are highly representative of the painted statues of China,and thus possess great historical,artistic,and scientific value.A Ming dynasty statue ofĀrya MahāKappina Arhat that is suffering from serious deterioration was selected for analysis using 3D ultra depthof field video microscopy,laser confocal micro Raman spectrometer,scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer.The research results show that the arhat statue has been repainted several times since it was created.The red pigments used in the paint are cinnabar,red lead,iron oxide red,and a mixture of vermilion,iron oxide red,and calcite;the green pigments are Paris green,botallackite,lavendulan,and a mixture of botallackite and lead white;the blue pigmentsare natural lapis lazuli and synthetic ultramarine;the golden pigment is gold.The base layer of white paint is made of a fine white powder containing silicon,aluminum,and calcium.The use of Paris green shows that the final repainting of the statue took place in the late Qing dynasty,which is consistent with historical records.The earthen material from which the statue is made contains quartz,plagioclase,white mica,and albite.These research results will provide a scientific basis for the conservation and restoration of painted clay statues at Chinese historical sites.