甘肃省博物馆藏先秦云纹金饰片的成分分析与工艺研究

Analysis of the Components and Craftsmanship of Pre-Qin Gold Ornaments Kept in the Gansu Provincial Museum

本文采用超景深三维显微镜、显微共聚焦拉曼光谱和X射线荧光光谱仪,对甘肃省博物馆馆藏征集的金器文物的保存状况、材质、表面加工工艺等进行了分析。结果表明,金饰片中金含量71%—78%、银含量19%—27%,有少量的铁元素在金饰片的正反面呈现较显著差异;显微镜观察发现,这批金器上均有精美的纹饰以及錾刻等加工痕迹,推断这组文物采用了捶揲、錾刻、剪切、打孔和抛光等工艺。与马家塬和清水刘坪战国墓出土的金饰片相比较,合金成分和工艺相似度较高,可推断其年代为先秦时期。本文通过多种方法对金器文物进行科学分析和观察,对其形貌、材料、工艺技术及历史、艺术等信息的有了更进一步的认识,同时也对征集文物的鉴定提供了数据支持。

Super-resolution 3D microscopy,confocal Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry were used to analyze the materials,surface processing techniques,and preservation conditions of the gold artifacts in the collection at the Gansu Provincial Museum.The research results indicate that the gold content of the ornaments ranges from 71%to 78%,with silver content ranging from 19%to 27%.A small amount of iron was also detected in varying amounts on both the front and back of the ornaments.Microscopic observation further revealed exquisite decorative patterns and traces of crafting that involve various techniques such as hammering,folding,chiseling,engraving,shearing,punching and polishing.Compared with similar artifacts unearthed from the Warring States period tombs at Majiayuan in Zhangjiachuan County and Liuping in Qingshui County,,the similarities in alloy composition and crafting techniques suggest that all of these ornaments were produced in the pre-Qin period.By using multiple methods of scientific analysis and observation,this study further improves the current understanding of the form,material,craftsmanship,history,and artistry of ancient gold artifacts,which will provide additional data support for the identification of other excavated relics.