容器量词的功能游移与事件分析

Function Shift and Event Analysis of Container Classifiers

容器量词是汉语量词系统中的一个子类。本文讨论容器量词的功能游移现象,并尝试运用Tenny(1994)的事件量度理论对该现象进行分析。首先,文章比较了容器量词和个体量词的个体化功能的差异;接着以容器量词"包"为例,分析了该量词的功能游移性;然后讨论了动宾结构中容器量词的语义功能,指出容器量词可以为动词提供语义支点,进而促进相关动宾结构的形成与识解;最后分析了"V+Num+Classifier_(-container)+N"(Classifier_(-container)代表容器量词)所表示的事件类型及相关的语法、语用后果。文章认为,除了容器量词自身的特性之外,"V+Num+Classifier_(-container)+N"所表示的不同事件类型的差异,是造成容器量词功能游移的重要原因。

Container classifiers constitute a subcategory of the classifier system in Mandarin Chinese(Chao,1979).This paper mainly discusses the function shift of container classifiers and analyzes this phenomenon by applying the measuring-out theory of Tenny(1994).Firstly,we make a comparative analysis between container classifiers and numeral classifiers on their roles of individualization,then discuss the function shift of the container classifier bao(包).We also examine the semantic function of container classifiers in verb-object structures,and argue that container classifiers provide a semantic fulcrum for verbs,thus promoting the formation and interpretation of the structures.Lastly,this paper discusses the two event types represented by"V+Num+Classifier_(-container)+N"construction(Classifier_(-container) stands for container classifiers)and their impact on the behavior of container classifiers.We argue that,except for the property of container classifiers themselves,the difference between event types plays an important role in explaining the phenomenon of function shift.