知识产权司法改革背景下我国专利确权制度问题审视及改造路径

Review and Remould of Patent Confirmation System in China Under the Background of Intellectual Property Judicial Reform

我国专利确权程序理论上需历经专利无效宣告程序以及专利无效诉讼一审、二审程序方可办结,进而形成了专利无效案件事实上的"三审终审"。最高人民法院知识产权审判庭的成立优化了专利无效案件和侵权案件的审级,统一了司法裁判标准,但专利司法确权制度仍暂付阙如。在专利无效诉讼案件采取行政诉讼程序审理且法院无权对专利的有效性加以判定的情形下,循环诉讼、程序滥用、行政诉累等弊端丛生。通过设置技术法官、适用民事诉讼程序审理专利无效纠纷、将专利无效宣告程序作为专利无效诉讼的前置程序、设立区域性知识产权上诉法院、明确专利无效诉讼判决的既判力等改革举措,裨补阙漏,构建专利司法确权制度,有利于确保专利制度的良性运行。

The patent approval procedure of China is similar to the"third instance as the final",which is the patent invalidation procedure,and the patent invalid litigation procedure of first instance and second instance.The establishment of intellectual property rights tribunals by the Supreme People’s Court achieved an escalation on hierarchical jurisdiction of cases of both patent invalidation application and patent infringement,and unified the criteria for judgment of cases.However,there is a vacancy on the system of judicial authorization and confirmation of patent.In the cases of the court applying administrative litigation procedure to the patent invalidation cases,the court cannot judge the validity of patent.Therefore,the patent invalid litigation procedure is likely to result in circulation litigation,abuse of process and administrative proceedings tired.It is proposed in this article that some reform actions such as setting technical judge,applying Civil procedure to invalid patent dispute,establishing the regional Court of appeal for intellectual property and explicating Res Judicata of patent invalid litigation be taken to contribute to the benign operation of the patent system.