气相色谱-质谱联用法比较分析不同产地砂仁挥发油成分

Comparative analysis of essential oil components of Amomi Fructus from different origins by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

目的建立气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS),对不同产地砂仁挥发油的含量及组成成分比较分析,从化学成分组成的整体角度研究岭南地区砂仁的道地特性。方法比较广东、云南和广西产区砂仁样品种子团的挥发油含量,采用GC-MS技术,通过DB-1ms色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离鉴定不同产地的砂仁挥发油成分,并采用面积归一化法获得各化合物的相对含量。利用相关性分析及聚类分析法对20批不同产地的砂仁样品成分进行分析评价。结果建立的GC-MS精密度、重复性和稳定性可以满足定性定量的要求。不同产地的砂仁样品挥发油含量存在一定的差异;从20批不同产地的砂仁挥发油中共鉴定出12种共有化学成分,其中主要成分为乙酸龙脑酯、樟脑、柠檬烯和龙脑,部分组分在不同的产地之间差异明显。相关性分析结果表明,互为同分异构体结构的两对萜类化合物α-可巴烯与(+)-香橙烯、β-月桂烯与柠檬烯分别呈极显著正相关性(相关系数分别为0.968和0.938,P<0.01)。按照聚类分析结果可以分别对广东阳春、云南和广西产地的砂仁样品进行准确分类。结论砂仁具有明显的产地聚类特性,不同产地砂仁挥发油的化学成分存在一定的差异,通过检测特定组分含量,可以对砂仁样品的产地进行区分,建立的方法和实验研究结果可以为砂仁资源的开发和质量评价提供理论依据。

Objective To establish gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)for the comparative analysis of the content and components of essential oil from Amomi Fructus in different regions in order to study the original features of Amomi Fructus.Methods By compared the essential oil content of the seed masses in Amomi Fructus samples from the main producing areas of Guangdong,Yunnan and Guangxi provinces,the essential oil of Amomi Fructus from different regions was separated and identified by GC-MS on a DB-1 ms column(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm),and the relative contents of each compound were determined by area normalization method.Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze and evaluate the components of Amomi Fructus samples from 20 batches of different producing areas.Results The method had high precision,repeatability and stability,and met the qualitative and quantitative requirements.The results showed that there was a certain degree of difference in the essential oil content of Amomi Fructus samples from different regions.Twelve common chemical components were identified from 20 batches of essential oil of Amomi Fructus from different origins,of which the main components were bornyl acetate,camphor,limonene and borneol.There were obvious differences among some components from different origins.Correlation analysis showed thatα-copaene and(+)-aromandendrene,β-myrcene and D-limonene were positively correlated(correlation coefficient:0.968,0.938,P<0.01),respectively.The samples of Amomi Fructus from Guangdong,Yunnan and Guangxi could be accurately classified according to the results of cluster analysis respectively.Conclusion sAmomi Fructus has obvious origin clustering characteristics,and there are certain differences in chemical composition of essential oil of Amomi Fructus from different origins.Different production areas of Amomi Fructus can be distinguished by detecting specific components.The established method and experimental results can provide theoretical basis for the development and quality evaluation of Amomi Fructus resources.