明清徽州地方官对地方社会治安的管控与治理

Local Officials’Management and Control of Social Order and Security in Huizhou during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

明清时期,在社会变局之下和相对和平年代,徽州境内始终存在着各类社会治安隐患乃至治安事件。作为地方社会治安管控的主导性力量,明清徽州地方官通过招徕抚绥、安抚人心,平息群体性事件,打击盗贼及盗窃犯罪,打击与惩治豪强、奸宄、奸民、恶棍、妖僧、棚民等不法势力和治安隐患人群,整治与打击闲杂人员、散兵游勇,镇压叛军叛乱、农民起义、佃仆起义,组织筑城、修城,平息野兽害人之患,颁布告示、禁约预先防范等多种途径,对危害社会治安的行为和相关人群予以管控与治理,为这一时期徽州境内社会秩序的稳定和社会安宁做出了积极努力。在官民协同共治格局之下,在各类管理主体之中,徽州地方官在地方社会治安管控与治理方面发挥了关键性作用。

Whether in ages of changes and transformation or over times of temporary peace during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties,various social order incidents,even public security cases did exist in Huizhou.In this context,as the dominant force managing and controlling social order and security,local officials offered peace to rebels and promised to enlist their service with a view to consoling and pacifying the public,settled massive incidents,combated burglary,punished illegal forces and risky groups such as local tyrants and bullies,gangsters,unruly people,scoundrels,demon monks and shelter peasants,reformed and rectified idle people,stragglers and disbanded soldiers,repressed rebellions,peasant revolts and tenant servant uprisings,organized city constructions and renovations,eliminated the lurking threats posed by beasts,and reinforced and consolidated the management and control of social order and security risks through issuing official notices and bans,which all put together contributed considerably to the stability and peacefulness across Huizhou area in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties.In the light of the practical effects,local officials in Huizhou played a critical role in managing and controlling social order and security due to the joint efforts based upon official and civil cooperation and coordination.