本科层次职业教育的国际经验与我国思考

International Experience of Undergraduate Vocational Education and its Implications for China

虽然"本科层次职业教育"的提法是我国首创,但类似的实践在国际上并非空白。本科层次职业教育经历了早期高等教育的职业倾向及其剥离、20世纪下半叶的兴起以及1990年代以来的分化三个阶段。国际比较发现,"不同但是平等"是本科层次职业教育的共同发展理念,办学制度存在分轨还是合流的分歧,校企深度合作是人才培养的基本特征,避免学术漂移是治理的主要挑战。借鉴国际经验,我国发展本科层次职业教育应倚重结构调整,在专业学位的框架下鼓励不同机构多样化办学,人才培养突出企业主体,以分类治理避免学术漂移。

Although the term"undergraduate vocational education"is first proposed in China,similar practices have been carried out worldwide.The evolution of undergraduate vocational education can be divided into three stages:the vocational tendency of early higher education and its separation,its rise in the second half of the 20 th century,and the differentiation since the 1990 s.International comparison suggests that"different but equal"is the common development ideology,difference exist in education system between separation or integration,deep school-enterprise cooperation is the basic principle of training delivery,and avoiding academic drift is the main governance challenge.Drawing on international experience,the development of undergraduatelevel vocational education in China should rely on structural adjustments,encourage a variety of provisions by different institutions under the framework of professional degrees,strengthen employers’roles during training,and apply classified governance to avoid academic drift.