城市化、居住分异与教育空间生产——0-3岁儿童照顾空间嬗变的一个分析框架

Urbanization, Residential Differentiation and Space Production of Education:An explanatory theoretical framework on Spatial Change of Early Childhood Care in China

在全面二孩生育新政的影响下,越来越多的家庭特别是双职工家庭面临着低龄儿童照顾时间上的困境。回顾建国以来的儿童早期照顾模式,从建国初期至今经历了规模式兴建单位托儿所、家庭照料,再到当下市场化托育服务机构三种不同的社会空间组织模式。本文尝试从空间社会学的视角阐释儿童早期照料模式的变迁,以空间解读时间,以揭示0-3岁儿童照顾模式随着城市化进程、社会空间结构变迁而变迁的内在逻辑。城市化进程不仅导致了居住分异,也造成了原本属于公共资源的教育资源的分层与教育空间的资本化趋势;社会转型期在不同利益主体的权力影响下,儿童早期照顾公共空间在这种空间变迁过程中被挤出了公共服务空间的范畴,当下儿童照顾与科学育儿、精细化照顾观念的联盟,使空间资本化在城市化过程中进一步催化了居住的空间分异与社会分层,并且再生产了基础教育空间的不平等。

Under the influence of universal two-child policy,a increasing number of dual-families are in a dilemma of early childhood care.This article review China has experienced three stages of social spatial changes of early childhood care in the past 60 years:The state childhood care center,domestic childhood care by family members or nursery and business institution of early childhood development academy.Firstly,this paper attempts to explain these spatial changes in the perspective of spatial sociology which has a great significance to explain the daily life in modern China;Secondly,The public space of early childhood care has been almost disappeared with the development of the urbanization and residential differentiation as well as replaced by commercial space,which implies the inequality in terms of children’s access to early services.Third,the inequality distribution of public childhood care resource re-created the spatial inequality of basic education by the space capitalization.