中国水资源空间不均匀性定量评价

Quantitative evaluation on spatial heterogeneity of water resources in China

降水及水资源量的空间不均匀性是其基本特性之一。本文基于中国第二次水资源综合评价结果,利用洛伦兹曲线计算得到反映水资源不均匀性强弱的基尼系数及反映不均匀性来源的洛伦兹不对称系数。结果表明:中国不同类型水资源均表现出比较不均匀或非常不均匀的空间分布特征;各一级分区水资源空间不均匀性与分区面积、平均降水量及自然条件等因素有关,从东部、南部沿海向内陆地区逐渐增加;同一分区内总体上表现为降水空间基尼系数最小,地下水资源、水资源总量、地表水资源空间基尼系数依次增大,但南部分区地表水和水资源总量空间基尼系数接近;水资源的不均匀性呈现出水资源量较少区域主导的非对称性或较为对称分布的特征。

Spatial heterogeneity is an essential property of precipitation and water resources. Based on the results of the second integrated assessment to water resources in China, the Lorenz curve is used to calculate Gini coefficients and Lorenz asymmetric coefficients, which represent the degree and source of spatial heterogeneity respectively. Results indicate that different types of water resources in China show considerable or strong spatial heterogeneity. And the heterogeneity across different water resources divisions increases from east and south coasts to northwest, depending on the area, average precipitation, and other natural conditions. For each division, the heterogeneity in precipitation is the smallest, followed by groundwater resource, total water resources, and surface water resource;and water resources heterogeneity is featured with asymmetry dominated by those sub-divisions with less amount of water resources, or relative symmetry.