服务合同的类型化:立法正当性与司法灵活性的联动

近年来,我国服务业蓬勃发展,服务合同纠纷也随之增长。因此,有必要梳理服务合同的规范现状,并为争议解决提供规范支持。就服务合同的立法模式而言,相比于制定服务合同总则,对不同抽象层次的服务合同类型化的现行法模式更为妥当。原因在于,一般性的服务合同规则忽视各类合同的特殊性并且迫使法官在判决过程中完成具体化与类型化的工作,这将有损法的安定性。就服务合同的法律适用而言,类型化思维既可用于规范指引,又可在类推的相似性判断时用于寻找比较基点。对于任意性规范与强制性规范而言,类型化思维的规范指引作用有不同的侧重点:在适用任意性规范时,类型化思维可被用于合同漏洞的填补;而在适用强制性规范时,类型化思维有助于实现其所对应的法律价值。

In recent years,China's service industry has flourished,and service contract disputes have also increased accordingly.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the current legal provisions related to service contracts and provide legal support for dispute resolution.In terms of the legislative model of service contracts,the current typology model at different abstract levels is more appropriate compared to general provisions for service contracts.The reason is that general provisions tend to overlook the specificity of various contracts and require judges to undertake the work of concretization and typology during the judgment process,which would undermine legal stability.When applying legal provisions related to service contracts,typological thinking serves two purposes:guiding the application of law and finding points of comparison in similarity judgments by analogy.Typological thinking has different emphases in ius dispositivum and ius cogens when used to guide the application of the law.When applying ius dispositivum,typological thinking can fill contractual gaps;while when applying ius cogens,it can help to realize corresponding legal values.