环境法“适度法典化”的理论反思与方案建构

“适度法典化”的理论主张包括法典调整范围“适度”、体系化“适度”以及“适度”发展完善。一般法典化理论亦包含了“适度”的意蕴,现有的“适度法典化”理论和一般法典化理论的区别尚未得到充分澄清。学界也没有为环境法法典化提供一套清晰、明确的具体方案。“适度法典化”理论是关照法典整个生命周期的全过程理论,涉及环境法典调整范围、规范体系严密程度以及环境法典发展完善三个基础性理论问题。其具体方案应当包括:在明确应当被纳入法典的立法以及不应当被纳入法典的立法的前提下,妥善安置位于两可之间的单行立法;在确保法典内在体系的统一性和完备性的前提下,形成适度的外部体系效益;在维护法典稳定性和安定性的前提下,遵循特定的规律发展和完善法典。

The theory of“moderate codification”includes“moderate”scope of adjustment,“moderate”systematization,and“moderate”development and improvement of the code.Since the general theory of codification already contains the meaning of“moderation”,the difference between the existing theory of“moderate codification”and the general theory of codification has not been fully clarified,nor does it provide a set of clear and specific solutions for the codification of environmental law.The theory of“moderate codification”is a whole-process theory covering the entire life cycle of the code,which involves three fundamental theoretical issues:the scope of adjustment of the environmental code,the degree of meticulousness of the normative system,and the development and improvement of the code.Firstly,on the premise of clarifying the legislation that should or should not be included in the code,the legislation in ambiguous positions should be clarified.Secondly,while ensuring the unity and completeness of the internal system of the environmental code,moderate systemic positive externalities should be created.Thirdly,while maintaining the stability of the code,we should develop and improve it according to specific rules.